[2] IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis Exit. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Click the image to view a larger version.Regional and local factors will influence future relative sea level rise for specific coastlines around the world. Some parts of the world are projected to see larger temperature increases than the global average. What are the uncertainties and their implications? Models project the snow season will continue to shorten, with snow accumulation beginning later and melting starting earlier. 7. U.S. For example, relative sea level rise depends on land elevation changes that occur as a result of subsidence (sinking) or uplift (rising). UMFULA and how science can inform policy. Accessed May 5, 2020. Explore the multiple lines of evidence for the human-induced climate change that is happening today, and consider what that means for the future of our planet. The graphics on the slide show results for scenarios in 2081-2100 of annual mean surface temperature change (Figure a) and average percent change in annual mean precipitation (Figure b). [1][2] Source: IPCC, 2013, Chapter 6. Book Description: Climate Change is geared toward a variety of students and general readers who seek the real science behind global warming. Increased concentrations are expected to: These changes will impact our food supply, water resources, infrastructure, ecosystems, and even our own health. Projections show that future precipitation and storm changes will vary by season and region. Projected temperature change for mid-century (left) and end-of-century (right) in the United States under higher (top) and lower (bottom) emissions scenarios. Clark et al. Exquisitely illustrated, the text introduces the basic science underlying both the natural progress of climate change and the effect of human activity on the deteriorating health of our planet. [4] USGCRP (2009). Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. Calcium carbonate is a key building block for the shells and skeletons of many marine organisms. There is less confidence in exactly where the transition between wetter and drier areas will occur. Every hand matters. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will lead to further climate changes. To have any hope of meeting the central goal of the Paris Agreement, which is to limit global warming to 2°C or less, our carbon emissions must be reduced considerably, including those coming from agriculture. Accessed May 5, 2020. In the Arctic, February is projected to have less ice (more blue); September is projected to be nearly ice-free (almost all blue). Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe, Eds., 2014: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. Climate Change: Variations in Timing Across the globe, in response to increases in heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the atmosphere, temperature and precipitation patterns are changing. For the next two decades warming of about 0.2° Celsius is projected. Although it is difficult to say exactly how much warming was caused by humans, many lines of evidence support the conclusion that human activities have caused most observed warming over at least the last several decades. The amount of rain falling in heavy precipitation events is likely to increase in most regions, while storm tracks are projected to shift poleward. Increases in average global temperatures are expected to be within the range of 0.5°F to 8.6°F by 2100, with a likely increase of at least 2.7°F for all scenarios except the one representing the most aggressive mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Climate Machine. Ground-level air temperatures are expected to continue to warm more rapidly over land than oceans. To accurately estimate precipitation changes, models must correctly project a number of underlying processes, like evaporation, that occur on relatively small spatial scales. Source: These maps show projected losses of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctica. Over the next century, it is expected that sea ice will continue to decline, glaciers will continue to shrink, snow cover will continue to decrease, and permafrost will continue to thaw. The coastal sections of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are expected to continue to melt or slide into the ocean. Global climate change has already resulted in a wide range of impacts across every region of the country and many sectors of the economy that are expected to grow in the coming decades. Scottish Power have teamed up with Glasgow Science Centre to produce 3 lessons for P5-P7 pupils exploring climate change through STEM. Temperature Will Rise: Climate models predict that Earth’s global average temperate will rise in the future. However, some of these changes are less certain than the changes associated with temperature. Heavy downpours that currently occur about once every 20 years are projected to occur between twice and five times as frequently by 2100, depending on location. Northern Hemisphere snow cover is expected to decrease by approximately 15% by 2100. As ocean acidification increases, the availability of calcium carbonate will decline. Natural causes alone cannot explain all of these changes. To learn more about greenhouse gases, please visit the Greenhouse Gas Emissions page and the Greenhouse Effect section of the Causes of Climate Change page. Generally, confidence decreases as one moves from larger scales to smaller scales. Glaciers are expected to continue to decrease in size. Researchers describe future changes to the tropical rain belt with expected climate change. 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