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as his medical assistants grew less awesome of him. Actually, Schweitzer preferred (and planned) it in this fashion on the ground that the natives would shun an elaborate, shiny and impersonal institution. Schweitzer explains that Paul focused on the idea of fellowship with the divine being through the "realistic" dying and rising with Christ rather than the "symbolic" Hellenistic act of becoming like Christ through deification. Lambarene was where Schweitzer chose to die. for the good of fellow men who need the help of a fellow man." Jaroslav Pelikan, in his foreword to The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, points out that: the relation between the two doctrines was quite the other way around: 'The doctrine of the redemption, which is mentally appropriated through faith, is only a fragment from the more comprehensive mystical redemption-doctrine, which Paul has broken off and polished to give him the particular refraction which he requires. . The compound was staffed by 3 unpaid physicians, 7 nurses and 13 volunteer helpers. That said, Dr. Schweitzer did devote more than half a century to practicing medicine in a remote location where few of his colleagues would dare to visit and for people who desperately needed medical care. Later Dr. Trensz replaced Nessmann, and Martha Lauterberg and Hans Muggenstorm joined them. out, including Schweitzer's pet parrot (which was not taught to talk because that would lower its dignity) and a hippopotamus that once invaded the vegetable garden. Schweitzer's death was kept secret through the night because of a request he had. Seek always to do some good, somewhere. He was known especially for founding the Schweitzer Hospital, which provided unprecedented medical care for the natives of Lambarn in Gabon. This was no sooner under way than Schweitzer fell ill, an epidemic of dysentery broke out and a famine set in. On Oct. 13, 1905, he posted letters from Paris to his parents and friends saying that at the start of the winter term he would become a medical student to prepare himself He is suffering from a heart ailment. The Schweitzers had their own bungalow and employed as their assistant Joseph, a French-speaking Galoa[clarification needed] (Mpongwe), who first came to Lambarn as a patient.[57][58]. If a record could be compiled of all that has happened between the white and the coloured races, it would make a book containing numbers of pages which the reader would have to turn over unread because their contents would be too horrible. The journalist James Cameron visited Lambarn in 1953 (when Schweitzer was 78) and found significant flaws in the practices and attitudes of Schweitzer and his staff. [29] It became his custom to play during the lunch hour and on Sunday afternoons. Lambarene, on the Ogooue River a few miles from the Equator, is in the steaming jungle. Until he extends the circle of his compassion to all living things, man will not himself find peace. [49] Although every human being is invited to become a Christian, only those who have undergone the initiation into the Christian community through baptism can share in the "realistic" dying and rising with Christ. Albert Schweitzer, 90, Dies at His Hospital; Doctor Won Nobel Peace Prize for Work in Africa He Was Also Noted as Musician and Theologian Albert Schweitzer, Felled by Exhaustion, Dies at. // Famous Nobel Peace Prize Emily Greene Balch It could then affirm a new Enlightenment through spiritual rationalism, by giving priority to volition or ethical will as the primary meaning of life. In 1955, he was made an honorary member of the Order of Merit (OM) by Queen Elizabeth II. The family and close friends were prepared for the end. [67] He summarized his views on European-African relations by saying "With regard to the negroes, then, I have coined the formula: 'I am your brother, it is true, but your elder brother. To the end, his one frustration was that he had not succeeded in convincing the world to abolish nuclear weapons. By the 1950s, 3 unpaid physicians, 7 nurses and 13 volunteer aides staffed the Schweitzer Hospital. After World War I broke out in July 1914, Schweitzer and his wife, German citizens in a French colony when the countries were at war, were put under supervision by the French military at Lambarn, where Schweitzer continued his work. Heart disease was an uncommon cause of death in the US at the beginning of the 20th century. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. He took to playing the organ as soon as he was big enough to reach the pedals and amazed all who listened to him. She He fell ill from exhaustion on Aug. 28 and his condition worsened steadily. Schweitzer died on 4 September 1965 at his beloved hospital in Lambarn, now in independent Gabon. He returned to Lambarene in 1929 and remained for two years, establishing a pattern of work in Africa and sojourns in Europe during which he lectured, wrote and concertized to raise funds for his hospital. Schweitzer claims that this form of mysticism is more intellectual and can be found "among the Brahmans and in the Buddha, in Platonism, in Stoicism, in Spinoza, Schopenhauer, and Hegel".[42]. [88] Biographer James Bentley has written that Schweitzer became a vegetarian after his wife's death in 1957 and he was "living almost entirely on lentil soup". At this time Schweitzer, born a German citizen, had his parents' former (pre-1871) French citizenship reinstated and became a French citizen. Yet, his legacy is not without controversy. The Albert Schweitzer Page; Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer; Albert Schweitzer mzeum s archvum Gnsbach; Albert Schweitzer Fellowship; Readings on Reverence for Life; Bruderhof Peacemakers Guide profile on Albert Schweitzer; Page at the Nobel e-Museum Archivlva 2004. augusztus 15-i dtummal a Wayback Machine-ben Albert Schweitzer (n. 14 ianuarie 1875, Kaysersberg, Alsacia - d. 4 septembrie 1965, Lambarn, Gabon) a fost un medic misionar, teolog protestant, muzician i filozof german . Although Paul is widely influenced by Hellenistic thought, he is not controlled by it. "From whatever direction he is considered, Bach is, then, the last word in an artistic evolution which was prepared in the Middle Ages, freed and activated by the Reformation and arrives at its At the time of Dr. Schweitzers death, at age 90 in 1965, the compound comprised 70 buildings, 350 beds and a leper colony for 200. side by side! Much of the building work was carried out with the help of local people and patients. His 1931 autobiography, Out of My Life and Thought, describing much of his work in Africa, was an international best-selling book. He is the director of the Center for the History of Medicine and the George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. The Bach titles were mainly distributed as follows: Later recordings were made at Parish church, Gnsbach: These recordings were made by C. Robert Fine during the time Dr. Schweitzer was being filmed in Gnsbach for the documentary "Albert Schweitzer". Oh, this 'noble' culture of ours! Each of us has cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us. . '"[67] Chinua Achebe has criticized him for this characterization, though Achebe acknowledges that Schweitzer's use of the word "brother" at all was, for a European of the early 20th century, an unusual expression of human solidarity between Europeans and Africans. He was theologian, musicologist, organ technician, physician and surgeon, missionary, philosopher of ethics, lecturer, writer and the builder and When the Ever the autodidact, during this period Albert also served as curate for the church Saint-Nicolas in Strasbourg. Among the messages he received was one from President Johnson. Today ASF helps large numbers of young Americans in health-related professional fields find or create "their own Lambarn" in the US or internationally. [62], The poor conditions of the hospital in Lambarn were also famously criticized by Nigerian professor and novelist Chinua Achebe in his essay on Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness: "In a comment which has often been quoted Schweitzer says: 'The African is indeed my brother but my junior brother.' Dr. Albert Schweitzer found no cancers in Africa at all as a doctor there from 1913 to 1930, and then found the chemicalized, European processed . Its climate is among the world's worst, with fiercely hot days, clammy nights and seasonal torrents of rain. Albert Schweitzer - At times our own light goes out and is. 2 in B minor; no. At first, he regarded his new life as a renunciation of his art, and fell out of practice, but after some time he resolved to study and learn by heart the works of Bach, Mendelssohn, Widor, Csar Franck, and Max Reger systematically. "Constant kindness can accomplish much. Indeed, building was often During his return visits to his home village of Gunsbach, Schweitzer continued to make use of the family house, which after his death became an archive and museum to his life and work. At the same time he gave organ concerts, delivered lectures and wrote books about theology. There he studied theology, philology, and the theory of music. Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 08:10, Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method, Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer, Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Religion & the Treatment of God's Creatures", "Review of "The Mystery of the Kingdom of God", "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", "Albert Schweitzer and Henry Fonda's Lost Special", "List of Members of the Order of Merit, past and present", "History of Vegetarianism Dr Albert Schweitzer (18751965)", "Knigsfeld feiert ?Schweitzer-Erben? He established a hospital and treated the natives there. the faculty at Strasbourg; wrote "The Mystery of the Kingdom of God"; and, at Widor's urging, completed a study of the life and art of Johann Sebastian Bach. His autocracy was more noticeable as his years advanced and But this time he had also studied the organ briefly in Paris under the legendary Charles Marie Widor, who was so impressed with Through concerts and other fund-raising, he was ready to equip a small hospital. Not only did he design the station, but he also helped build it with his own hands. [13][16], Schweitzer rapidly gained prominence as a musical scholar and organist, dedicated also to the rescue, restoration and study of historic pipe organs. ". He locates Paul between the two extremes of primitive mysticism and developed mysticism. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) was an Alsatian-German religious philosopher, musicologist, and medical missionary in Africa. music. Dr. Howard Markel writes a monthly column for the PBS NewsHour, highlighting the anniversary of a momentous event that continues to shape modern medicine. Fugue in A minor (Peters, Vol 2, 8); Fantasia and Fugue in G minor (Great) (Vol 2, 4); Toccata, Adagio and Fugue in C major (Vol 3, 8). Yet, he has achieved more than seemed possible under adverse conditions. In June of 1912, he married Helene Bresslau (the daughter of a professor of history at Strasbourg). It resides in their vault today in deteriorating condition. A famous charitable institution in Africa, the Albert Schweitzer hospital in Gabon, is nearing its hundredth birthday. Deaths were concentrated during the first few months of life, with 35% occurring during the first month. "Anyone can rescue his human life," he once said, "who seizes every opportunity of being a man by means of personal action, however unpretending, Until his death in 1965, Schweitzer continued to publish, lecture, perform and care for the sick. Schweitzer's recordings of organ-music, and his innovative recording technique, are described below. Happiness is the key to success. He also studied piano at that time with Marie Jall. To me, Dr. Schweitzer is the one truly great individuals our modern times have produced. 171,135 Swedish krona. Altogether his early Columbia discs included 25 records of Bach and eight of Csar Franck. Schweitzer was not only struck by the application of these verses to himself, but even more by the over-all content of the two chapters as expressed in Jesus' assertion that "the kingdom of heaven is at hand." Albert Schweitzer was born at Kaystersberg, Haute Alsace (now Haut-Rhin), Jan. 14, 1875, just two months after Germany had annexed the province from war-prostrate France. [92], Recordings of Schweitzer playing the music of Bach are available on CD. . Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner in Strasbourg (under Otto Lohse) and in 1896 he managed to afford a visit to the Bayreuth Festival to see Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal, both of which impressed him. He commands. Amid a hail of protests from his friends, family and colleagues, he resigned his post and re-entered the university as a student in a three-year course towards the degree of Doctorate in Medicine, a subject in which he had little knowledge or previous aptitude. For example, in 1950, biographer Magnus C. Ratter commented that Schweitzer never "commit[ted] himself to the anti-vivisection, vegetarian, or pacifist positions, though his thought leads in this direction". too, failed, Schweitzer argued, hence the despairing cry, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me? Edward Albert Heimberger, famously known by his stage name Eddie Albert, was one actor and activist who . Hupp, upp. it less unruly); age seamed his face, shrunk his frame, made him appear bandy-legged; time softened his eyes and made them less severe. He was buried in a brief and simple ceremony early this afternoon next to an urn containing the ashes of his wife, Helene, who died in Europe in 1957. the right choices. READ MORE: The story behind Alfred Nobels spirit of discovery. had a profound influence on contemporary religious thinking. Schweitzer wrote, "True philosophy must start from the most immediate and comprehensive fact of consciousness, and this may be formulated as follows: 'I am life which wills to live, and I exist in the midst of life which wills to live. for Life. Everyone can have their own Lambarn". [13][14][15][16] He published his PhD thesis at the University of Tbingen in 1899. For Schweitzer, mankind had to accept that objective reality is ethically neutral. "[76][77], After the birth of their daughter (Rhena Schweitzer Miller), Albert's wife, Helene Schweitzer was no longer able to live in Lambarn due to her health. ", "At this stage," Schweitzer said in 1963, "Africans have little need for advanced training. As a boy, Albert was frail in health but robust in intellect and talent. What It Does For over 60 years, HAS has helped develop a local health system in the rural Artibonite Valley of central Haiti. His medical dissertation was titled, The Psychiatric Study of Jesus.. The mid-side sees a figure-8 microphone pointed off-axis, perpendicular to the sound source. Albert Schweitzer. [53] In June 1912, he married Helene Bresslau, municipal inspector for orphans and daughter of the Jewish pan-Germanist historian Harry Bresslau.[54]. In this respect, he was undoubtedly made more of by cultists than he was willing to make of himself, although he was by no means a man with a weak ego. He goes quietly, in peace and dignity. But no such meaning was found, and the rational, life-affirming optimism of the Age of Enlightenment began to evaporate. [1] A complex man, to be sure, but his humanitarianism did affect the lives of many patients in desperate need of attention and, for the most part, he positively influenced the world in which he inhabited. Schweitzer concluded his treatment of Jesus with what has been called the most famous words of twentieth-century theology: "He comes to us as One unknown, without a name, as of old, by the lake-side, He came to those men who knew him not. for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one (English) Date of death. Muntz and Friedman, both Holocaust survivors, to record his work and daily life at the hospital. And now, when you speak about missions, let this be your message: We must make atonement for all the terrible crimes we read of in the newspapers. [28] Built especially for the tropics, it was delivered by river in a huge dug-out canoe to Lambarn, packed in a zinc-lined case. But after a century spent healing the sick, the hospital has spent the past . Today marks the 141st birthday of Dr. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965). [48] He explains, "only the man who is elected thereto can enter into relation with God". of self-unfolding of the idea in which it creates its own opposite in order to overcome it, and so on and on until it finally returns to itself, having meanwhile traversed the whole of existence.". Once in Lambarn, he established a small hospital at a station set up by the Paris Missionary Society. 1952. prize money. As a child, he was frail and an indifferent student in everything but music, for which he showed the interest of a prodigy. Further on ahimsa and the reverence for life in the same book, he elaborates on the ancient Indian didactic work of the Tirukkural, which he observed that, like the Buddha and the Bhagavad Gita, "stands for the commandment not to kill and not to damage". Dr. Howard Markel The moment of awakening came as he was reading Matthew x and xi Albert Schweitzer Occupation: Doctor Place Of Birth: France Date Of Birth: January14, 1875 Date Of Death: September 4, 1965 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: White Nationality: French Albert Schweitzer was born on the 14th of January, 1875. Schweitzer writes: The Jesus of Nazareth who came forward publicly as the Messiah, who preached the ethic of the kingdom of God, who founded the kingdom of heaven upon earth and died to give his work its final consecration never existed. Schweitzer's accomplishments are recognized even by his most caustic critics. Every man has to seek in his own way to realize his true worth. Among the neonatal deaths, 27% occurred on the first day of life, and 80% occurred during the first 10 days of life. It was said that he had scarcely ever talked with an adult African on adult terms. Fine originally self-released the recordings but later licensed the masters to Columbia. Albert Schweitzer, the son of an Evangelical Lutheran minister, was born on . Albert founded Albert Schweitzer Hospital located in Gabon. and time, making him inwardly free, so that he is fitted to be, in his own world and in his own time, a simple channel of the power of Jesus.". of the world and life? "A man is truly ethical only when he obeys the compulsion to help all life, which he is able to assist, and shrinks from injuring anything that lives . Albert Schweitzer (1966). He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of "Reverence for Life",[3] becoming the eighth Frenchman to be awarded that prize. He is the director of the Center for the History of Medicine and the George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan and the author ofThe Secret of Life: Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick and the Discovery of DNAs Double Helix (W.W. Norton, September 21). Paul stands high above primitive mysticism, due to his intellectual writings, but never speaks of being one with God or being in God. "[66] Schweitzer believed dignity and respect must be extended to blacks, while also sometimes characterizing them as children. Albert Schweitzer made notable organ recordings of Bach's music in the 1940s and 1950s. Bach, he said, was chiefly a church composer. He envisaged instruments in which the French late-romantic full-organ sound should work integrally with the English and German romantic reed pipes, and with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes, all in registers regulated (by stops) to access distinct voices in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness: different voices singing the same music together. ~ Albert Schweitzer. Indeed, he was a true polymath. But Schweitzer rejected such adulation; he held that his own spiritual life was its own reward and that works redeemed him. Trensz conducted experiments showing that the non-amoebic strain of dysentery was caused by a paracholera vibrion (facultative anaerobic bacteria). Everything was heavily decayed, and building and doctoring progressed together for months. After retiring as a practicing doctor, Albert Schweitzer continued to oversee the hospital until his death at the age of 90. Ethics themselves proceed from the need to respect the wish of other beings to exist as one does towards oneself. It is conceivably the only formal philosophical concept ever to spring to life amid In his story for PBS NewsHour, Dr. Howard Markel, University of Michigan medical historian writes: Schweitzer's ethical system, elucidated at length in "The Philosophy of Civilization," is boundless in its domain and in its demands. "[81], Weeks prior to his death, an American film crew was allowed to visit Schweitzer and Drs. Although thousands of Africans called him "le grand docteur," others plastered his village with signs, "Schweitzer, Go Home! It is a historical review of ethical thought leading to his own Franco-German yet cosmopolitan in culture, he drew deeply from the music and philosophy of the 18th century, especially Bach, Goethe and Kant. Although unacceptable in todays culture, Dr. Schweitzers comments about those he treated were, sadly, all too common during his era, one marked by colonialism, paternalism and racist views. Reverence for Life Never say there is nothing beautiful in the world anymore. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; the first nomination came in 1954 for his performance in Roman Holiday, and the second in 1973 for The Heartbreak Kid. At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from another person. After his wife died in 1957, Schweitzer was almost continuously in Lambarene. There he also received instruction in piano and counterpoint from professor Gustav Jacobsthal, and associated closely with Ernest Munch, the brother of his former teacher, organist of St William church, who was also a passionate admirer of J. S. Bach's music. They were works of devotional contemplation in which the musical design corresponded to literary ideas, conceived visually. [73], Such was the theory which Schweitzer sought to put into practice in his own life. In 1957 and 1958, he broadcast four speeches over Radio Oslo which were published in Peace or Atomic War. Alfalfa, the. His co-workers . Also, he is famous for being a music scholar and an organist. Even in his study of medicine, and through his clinical course, Schweitzer pursued the ideal of the philosopher-scientist. But how are we of the post-colonial age to understand a man who was born in 1875 and saw the world very differently from the way we do? In recent years, many have taken him to task for decidedly paternalistic and racist descriptions of his African patients that would offend many a 21st century observer. One of his pupils was conductor and composer Hans Mnch. Other selections are on Philips GBL 5509. His pamphlet "The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France" (1906,[25] republished with an appendix on the state of the organ-building industry in 1927) effectively launched the 20th-century Orgelbewegung, which turned away from romantic extremes and rediscovered baroque principlesalthough this sweeping reform movement in organ building eventually went further than Schweitzer had intended. [65] For instance, he thought that Gabonese independence came too early, without adequate education or accommodation to local circumstances. September 24, 1965 1965 T he death of Albert Schweitzer on September 4 brought down the curtain on one of the greatest of human dramas. Scientific materialism (advanced by Herbert Spencer and Charles Darwin) portrayed an objective world process devoid of ethics, entirely an expression of the will-to-live. One of them, Gerald McKnight, wrote in his book "Verdiot on Schweitzer": "The temptation for Schweitzer to see Lambarene as a place cut off from the world, in which he can preserve "its original forms and so reject any theory of treatment or life other than his . The following year, 1906, (and despite pleas from his family to pursue his religious studies) a 31-year-old Albert began medical school. Now, without context, it seems that Albert Schweitzer rejects the whole project of historical Jesus research. over into experience.". On 23 April 1957, Schweitzer made his "Declaration of Conscience" speech; it was broadcast to the world over Radio Oslo, pleading for the abolition of nuclear weapons. a herd of hippopotamuses. As Schweitzer recounted this climactic incident, he had been baffled in getting an answer to the question: Is it at all possible to find a real and permanent foundation in thought for a theory of the universe that shall be both ethical and affirmative To a marked degree, Schweitzer was an eclectic. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. disease (leprosy), dysentery, elephantiasis, sleeping sickness, malaria, yellow fever and animal wounds. On Good Friday of 1913, the couple set sail, at their own expense, from Bordeaux to Africa. When Schweitzer was in residence at Lambarene, virtually nothing was done without consulting him. He had scratched it out from the jungle beginning in 1913; he had designed it; After peaking in the mid-1960s, the number of heart disease deaths began a marked decline that has persisted to the present. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) Julian Gotobed, 2004 Albert Schweitzer was born on 14th January 1875 at Kaysersberg in Upper Alsace, Germany, a region that is now part of France. Their home in Knigsfeld has now been turned into a museum. Schweitzer's pedal piano was still in use at Lambarn in 1946. He received his M.D. Also like Goethe, on whose life and works he was expert, Schweitzer came near to being a comprehensive man.