A. Cerebellum F. Goupil, H. Legrand, and J. Vaquier, Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring. A. Tekin, S. zkan, E. alikan, S. zeren, A. oraki, and I. Ycesoy, Fetal pulse oximetry: correlation with intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns and neonatal outcome, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, vol. Moreover, studies have shown fetal acidosis to occur more often in pre-term fetuses delivered before 34 weeks than those delivered between 3436 weeks [5]. Early _____ cord blood sampling is predictive of uteroplacental function. B. Congestive heart failure A. During labour, uterine contractions gradually build up and increase in intensity and frequency and may cause compression of the umbilical cord and/or the fetal head. B. 5-10 sec A. C. More rapid deterioration from Category I to Category II or III, C. More rapid deterioration from Category I to Category II or III Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) The tissue-oxygenation index and mean arterial blood pressure were continuously measured in very premature infants (n = 24) of mean (SD) gestational age of 26 (2.3) weeks at a mean postnatal age of 28 (22) hours. A woman should be counseled regarding this prior to considering continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labour.A higher baseline fetal heart rate or apparent reduction in baseline variability, on their own merit, should not be considered as indications for operative interventions. In cases of pre-term prelabour rupture of membranes, maternal infection and the risk of chorioamnionitis should not be overlooked. This intervention may be required earlier compared to term fetuses as a consequence of these low fetal reserves. B. Neutralizes 106, pp. A. Respiratory acidosis A. Cardiotocography analysis by empirical dynamic modeling and Gaussian processes. C. Norepinephrine, Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system? A. Most fetuses tolerate this process well, but some do not. Predicts abnormal fetal acid-base status C. Proximate cause, *** Regarding the reliability of EFM, there is 's level of consciousness and respiratory effort significantly improve, allowing her to be extubated. B. C. Ventricular, *** When using auscultation to determine FHR baseline, the FHR should be counted after the contractions for A. Digoxin C. Initially increase, then decrease FHR, Which of the following is not true when assessing preterm fetuses? C. Injury or loss, *** C. Timing in relation to contractions, The underlying cause of early decelerations is decreased B. Atrial and ventricular By the 28th week, 90% of fetuses will survive ex utero with appropriate support. Fetal P a O 2 Peripheral chemoreflex Abstract A distinctive pattern of recurrent rapid falls in fetal heart rate, called decelerations, are commonly associated with uterine contractions during labour. B. Uterine contractions and/or elevated baseline uterine tone are the most common causes of interruption of fetal oxygenation at this level. A. Abnormal fetal presentation A. Before 30 weeks of gestational age, the frequency and amplitude of accelerations are reduced. A. Fetal in vivo continuous cardiovascular function during chronic hypoxia. B. Lack of evidence-based recommendations may pose a clinical dilemma as preterm births account for nearly 8% (1 in 13) live births in England and Wales. One of the hallmarks of fetal wellbeing is considered to be cycling of the fetal heart rate [3]. C. Metabolic alkalosis, _______ _______ occurs when the HCO3 concentration is lower than normal. Written by the foremost experts in maternity and pediatric nursing, the user-friendly Maternal Child Nursing Care, 6th Edition provides both instructors and students with just the right amount of maternity and pediatric content. The availability of oxygen to the fetus is limited by the route taken by oxygen from the atmosphere to fetal tissues, aided or diminished by pregnancy-associated changes in maternal physiology and, ultimately, a function of atmospheric pressure and composition of the mother's inspired gas. C. Spikes and baseline, How might a fetal arrhythmia affect fetal oxygenation? Increased peripheral resistance Objective To investigate the effect of fetal growth restriction and gender on cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates during the first 3 days of life. 4, 2, 3, 1 A. Preeclampsia Fetuses delivered between 3436 weeks, however, seem to respond more like term fetus, a feature that should be recognized by obstetricians. Impaired placental circulation Premature atrial contractions Most fetal dysrhythmias are not life-threatening, except for _______, which may lead to fetal congestive heart failure. The correct nursing response is to: D. Variable deceleration, With complete umbilical cord occlusion, the two umbilical arteries also become occluded, resulting in sudden fetal hypertension, stimulation of the baroreceptors, and a sudden _______ in FHR. (T/F) Vibroacoustic stimulation may be less effective for preterm fetuses or when membranes have been ruptured. 2009; 94:F87-F91. C. Lungs, Baroreceptor-mediated decelerations are When assessing well-being of a term fetus during labour, four features are evaluated for classification of the CTG. Usually, premature birth happens before the beginning of the 37 completed weeks of gestation. C. Dysrhythmias, Which of the following fetal dysrhythmias may be related to maternal hyperthyroidism? Continuous electronic fetal monitoring of preterm fetuses poses a clinical dilemma to clinicians caring for these fetuses during labour. During this period, the white matter of the brain is developing rapidly, and the oligodendroglia responsible for myalinisation of the tracts within the brain is particularly vulnerable during this . B. Increases metabolism and oxygen consumption, Which assessment or intervention would be least appropriate in a patient whose FHR tracing revealed tachycardia and a prolonged deceleration? Base buffers have been used to maintain oxygenation Variability may also be decreased secondary to the effect of fetal tachycardia present in preterm fetuses. B. A. Baroreceptor C. Marked variability, Common problems seen during monitoring of postterm fetuses include all of the following except D. Vibroacoustic stimulation, B. B. 21, no. Whether this also applies to renal rSO 2 is still unknown. The transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) response to blood interruption (BIS test) was measured in 6 healthy adults and 28 infants, including premature infants. A recent Cochrane review found no evidence to support the use of antepartum CTG for improving perinatal outcomes, however; most of these studies lacked power and there was insufficient data to compare antenatal CTG testing on fetus less than 37 weeks compared to fetus of 37 or more completed weeks [2]. Decreased FHR late decelerations Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following factors can have a negative effect on uterine blood flow? When coupling or tripling is apparent on the uterine activity tracing, this may be indicative of a dysfunctional labor process and saturation (down regulation) of uterine oxytocin receptor sites in response to excess exposure to oxytocin. A. Base excess -12 C. Possible cord compression, A woman has 10 fetal movements in one hour. what characterizes a preterm fetal response to interruptions in oxygenation trigonometric ratios sin, cos and tan calculator. With regards to the pre-term fetus, fetal blood sampling has not been validated in this group. C. Frequency of FHR accelerations, A fetus of a diabetic mother may commonly develop National Institute of Clinical Health and Excellence, Intrapartum careClinical guideline 55, 2007, http://www.nice.org.uk/CG055. C. Polyhydramnios, Which of the following is the most appropriate method of monitoring a patient who is a gestational diabetic? A. A. With subsequent increase in gestational age, the frequency of accelerations increases along with amplitude over the baseline value [6]. B. a. Lower, Which statement best describes the relationship between maternal and fetal hemoglobin levels? Marked variability (T/F) There is a strong correlation between arterial cord blood gas results and Apgar scores. Increased FHR baseline Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in this group is recommended, following agreement with the patient. Discontinue Pitocin The most likely etiology for this fetal heart rate change is Studies reporting on early signs of renal disturbances in FGR are sparse and mostly include invasive measurements, which limit the possibility for early identification and prevention. 2 D. 7.41, The nurse notes a pattern of decelerations on the fetal monitor that begins shortly after the contraction and returns to baseline just before the contraction is over. C. Maternal oxygen consumption, Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated? Respiratory acidosis Increase in baseline Xanthine oxidase and the fetal cardiovascular defence to hypoxia in late gestation ovine pregnancy. This is interpreted as B. Fetal hypoxia or anemia A. Polyhydramnios Babies may be born preterm because of spontaneous preterm labour or because there is a medical indication to plan an induction of labour or caesarean . However, a combination of abnormalities or an observed deterioration in the features of the CTG should arouse suspicion of possible hypoxia and acidosis, even in this gestational group. The mother was probably hypoglycemic Stimulation of the _____ _____ _____ releases catecholamines, resulting in increased FHR. A. Fetal bradycardia Angiotensin II and cardiovascular chemoreflex responses to acute hypoxia in late gestation fetal sheep. Misan N, Michalak S, Kapska K, Osztynowicz K, Ropacka-Lesiak M, Kawka-Paciorkowska K. Int J Mol Sci. A decrease in the heart rate b. About; British Mark; Publication; Awards; Nominate; Sponsorship; Contact A. Hypoxemia Due to the lack of research and evidence that exists on electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) of the preterm fetus the definition of a normal fetal heart pattern also presents a challenge. A. Hence, a preterm fetus may suffer a hypoxic insult sooner than its term counterpart. A. C. Supine hypotension, When the hydrogen ion content in the blood rises, the pH C. There is moderate or minimal variability, B. C. By reducing fetal perfusion, Which medication is used to treat fetal arrhythmias? Fetal physiology relies on the placenta as the organ of gas exchange, nutrition, metabolism, and excretion. Category II Feng G, Heiselman C, Quirk JG, Djuri PM.