February 26, 2023. Our Toy & Mini Australian Shepherds have great dispositions, exceptional teach-ability, good bone and correct Aussie type, conformation and color. In addition to their herding talents, the Aussie's eager-to-please nature and their ability to be easily trained make them appropriate for other professions, including use as search-and-rescue, narcotic detection, and guide dogs. Google Whippoorwill Aussies to see our website and our Facebook page. Born 12-13-22. Both parents are registered and full blooded. Shaving an Aussie is not recommended because their coat may not grow back the same, interfering with their ability to regulate body temperature. It is the TRADITION. 14. Australian Shepherd Red Tri Male Prices start at : 1300 USD Also have been wormed and UTD on all shots. High Desert Aussies is a small breeder in Central Oregon that has been breeding, raising and training Australian Shepherds for nearly 30 years. Dog tails are typically chopped off without any numbing or sedation, and the dogs absolutely screamed in pain. They no longer have dew claws and have had 1 blue merle male pup. two old goats arthritis formula reviews . Learn more. Australian Shepherd puppies Blackbutt Queensland 1 Black and white boy patiently waiting for his forever home NBT 14 weeks old. PUPPYTHON Special Ends 3/5. And docking a tail unnecessarily just does not follow that. -Breeders- Australian Shepherd & Mini , 6.So you want to own a Sunny Acres Australian Shepherd, 7.Impression dogs Mini Aussie puppies WITH tails in Michigan, 8.Three Creek Australian Shepherds Aussies with Tails adoptions 11 , 9.Australian Shepherd Puppies for Sale in North & South Carolina, 10 icelink sample sale is highly appreciated https://globalizethis.org, 10 621 central pkwy e plano tx 75074 is highly appreciated Globalizethis, View9+ keychain locket with picture is highly appreciated, View 9+ do you need a key to tow a car is highly appreciated. 1,460 puppies available. Buyer Tips. Their intelligent and eager-to-please nature makes them easy to train. Learn more. Born on January 1st and will be rea We have for sale standard size Australian Shepherds that have been genetically tested and are purebred. Two Australian Shepherd male puppies one red tri and 1 red merle up to date on shots tails docked dew claws removed if interested you can get a hold of me at 259-5173 area code 507. do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers. They are both tri-colored red. Beautiful blue eyed red tri standard male puppy. Both parents are AKC registered: both of th Say hello to the herd of 9 charming and playful Australian Shepherd puppies! Beautiful marked Australian Shepherd puppies males and females. Australian Shepherd Pups - 6759944111. They are also naturally standoffish with strangers. We at ranchworldads.com are working every day to be your Ranch Classifieds, and the very best place for you to buy or sell Quarter Horses, Paint Horses, Ranch Horses, Rope Horses, Rodeo Horses, Barrel Horses, Cutting Horses, Reining Horses, Cow Horses, not to mention Alfalfa Hay, Timothy Hay, Bermuda Hay, Cattle, Cattle Ranches, Horse Ranches, or Sell a livestock Brand, or just find a Ranch Job. 2/23/2023. We're not around right now. $800 -$1000: Cow Dogs for Sale: ASCA Registered Australian Shepherd Puppies Ready to join YOUR family 03-21-23! We feel it is worth searching for. 1,390 puppies available. Descriptions: All 100% natural home grown, hand petted australian shepherds. December 22, 2022 View more $ 350.00 2 mini Aussies looking for homes Australian Shepherd Topeka, Kansas, United States *Waiting list now open for 2023* Australian Shepherd Puppies For Sale Turners Flat NSW. We are proud to raise aussies with their beautiful tails!! Standard Australian Shepherds Health Tested & OFA Cert. CHOSEING DOG FOOD? do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers Our Aussies are a part of our family and puppies are raised in our home. The litter is also registered. Heterochromia occurs in Australian Shepherds, which means they can have different colors or patterns in each eye. BLUE BUFFLO IS A NO NO THEY ALL LIE ABOUT WHATS IN THERE FOOD. Tails have been docked. Born December 12, 2022. With their enchanting blue eyes and adorable mix of colors, the Puppies for sale: Australian Shepherds!!! Located in Hendersonville N.C please call 8282439228 for more information. We have past customers that would love to visit with you if you would like to chat with them, just ask and we will give you the details. Puppies are genetically clear by parentage. ITS A 23 BILLION "INDUSTRY "AND CROOKED AS IT CAN BE. Raised inside with kids and are very social. An aussie is so much more than a tail (or lack there of). Send us an email to APPLY. Once they are ready to go We have two mini aussies born on October 29th that are ready for forever families on Christmas Eve! The breed responds well to training with the positive reinforcement of treats, but treats should be given in moderation to avoid excessive weight gain. On January 7th, 2023, our beloved Australian Shepherd parents welcomed 11 adorable puppies into the world - 9 ha Meet our little bundles of joy - 6 adorable Australian Shepherd puppies, born on a merry Christmas morning! Once they are ready to go 8 week old Pit puppy mix with Australian Shepherd looking for a forever home. Very friendly, healthy and happy. We are expecting a merle, black tri, natural bob tail, full tail litter in 2023. 2 Black tris and 1 Red Merle Tails docked, dewclaws removed. Heres some links to puppies we have raised with tails: More pics of past puppies with their tails here on our past pups page! They perform all of our pediatric spays/neuters, dew claw and tail removals and administer all of our shots. Available for: Local Delivery. ESTABLISHED FAIR MARKET VAULE OF MY AUSSIES, Christopher White Chowan Universty X president ALL THE ANSWERS & THE NAMES updated. Phone: 480-688-1368 Spirit of the West Farm is a small farm in Apache Junction, AZ offering beautiful Australian Shepherd puppies for sale from classic breeding lines. In 2020, the AKC was declared the 13th most popular breed in the United States of America. Tim, Anne, and their son Grayson Calmes have been breeding Aussies for over 24 years, and they are recognized as an AKC Breeder of Merit. They will be full panel clear on testing!! IT'S THE BEST CHOICE.. NO CORN ALLOWED OR WHEAT, IAMS NO NO. 5 pretty girls and 1 handsome bo Say hello to the herd of 9 charming and playful Australian Shepherd puppies! Default Sorting. Australian Shepherd Puppies (ANKC REGISTERED BREEDER) GENUINE PUREBRED Esperance, Western Australia $ 4,500 Purebred Aussie Shepherd puppies Prices start at 3500 for Black Tri One Natural full bob tail blue merle boy and ful tail red tri girl still available .,. They are the first choice of herding dogs for American cowboys. Are you looking for a medium-sized dog with beautiful coat markings, and love for running and activity, and a desire for close human companionship? The Aussie should receive food appropriate to their life stage (puppy, adult, or senior) at all times to assure good health. Please report any errors or concerns >> Shipping is NOT included in the puppy's price unless stated. Breeding quality dogs suitable for showing, obedience, agility and families. All deposits are non-refundable; when placing a deposit with us you are also agreeing to our contract. I have two puppies from my dog's litter available. Puppy Announcement Puppies Available Red Merle female Red Tri male Red Tri female Thunder Mountain Aussies Julie Varney I have a few left full blooded Australian shepherd puppies available on October 29th. Australian Shepherd Puppies Males Available 3 weeks old Kimberly Cecil Navarre, FL 32566 STANDARD AKC Champion Bloodline Australian Shepherd Puppies Males / Females Available 6 weeks. Merle is a genetic, mottled pattern on the coat, with contrasting blue or red appearing as speckled patches of color. We have a Black Tri Male still available. Tail Docking Breeders: Feel free to learn & ask questions. 6160 Ulmerton Rd, Suite #4, Clearwater, FL 33760 It's best to get them accustomed to various settings while they are puppies. Male - Toy Australian Shepherd. Aussies are known for herding livestock, working on farms or ranches, and performing in rodeos. We have been dedicated to breeding Mini Aussies of superior quality for more than 20 years. Teacup Toy and Miniature Australian Shepherds, Circle K Farms -Teacup-Tiny Toys-Toys and Miniature Australian Shepherds. toy australian shepherd Puppies for Sale! Circle K Farms reserves the right to refuse a sale to anyone at any time at our discretion.All deposits are non-refundable; when placing a deposit with us you are also agreeing to our contract. Registered: American Stock Dog Registry (ASDR) Color: Black Tri. She loves to frequent horse shows and in the evening, wrap around our necks on the back of the sofa. Miniature Australian Shepherd Puppies for Sale Cece $750.00 Drumore, PA Miniature Australian Shepherd Puppy Drake $895.00 Gap, PA Miniature Australian Shepherd Puppy Winter $495.00 Gratz, Pa Miniature Australian Shepherd Puppy Olivia $550.00 Coatesville, PA Miniature Australian Shepherd Puppy Reese CALL OR TEXT : 832-623-1348 . However, free Aussie dogs and puppies are a rarity as rescues usually charge a small adoption fee to cover their expenses (usually less than $200). I have adorable Aussiedoodle puppies waiting for their forever homes. I may not have posted every available puppy yet. Clermont, FL 34714 3 males and 1 female. Blackhawk Aussies. These brainiacs may hoodwink novice owners. Born December 12, 2022. I emplore everyone to research. AKC Standard Australian Shepherd Male Pup. Mother is a standard black tri. KEEP AWAY JUST BUY HUMAN GRADE FOODS FOR YOUR PETS. I have Australian Shepherd puppies looking for forever homes! Tails have been docked. I own both mom and dad, and have added pictures of both. If considering an Australian Shepherd puppy, know that you must have sufficient time to play, exercise, and train the Aussie. Australian Shepherd puppy prices are $1,800 which includes vaccinations, deworming, contract, microchip, and registration among other support. These adorable babies are looking for a forever home. With the above information sharing about australian shepherd with tail breeder on official and highly reliable information sites will help you get more information. Their soft beautiful coat. AND TEACH YOU A LOT ABOUYT THE NUTRITIONAL VAULE OF DOGS. Stunning litter of purebred Ausky puppies! Old lines up close! Australian Shepherd Puppy Alumni Finding the perfect Australian Shepherd puppy has never been easier. Have been vet checked, tails and dew claws don.. #501914 Standard Australian Shepherd puppies for sale. $650.00 OBO: . Female, Born on 01/07/2023 - 7 weeks old. Covid DOCUMENTS Animal Aushwitz SPCA. The Aussie would love nothing more than to remain by his owner's side on a long hike. All puppies will have seen our vet and have at least one round of puppy shots and de-wormer. Tails and dewclaws have been removed from AKC registered dogs. $750. They will be up to date on all their shots by the time they are ready for their new homes about mid-March. (feel free to follow us on youtube!). We have spent years building our breeding program to become one of the most sought-after breeders of Toy Australian Shepherds, and Mini . $ 1,600. Price: $600 (Shipping is available for an additional charge of $400.) Australian Shepherd Puppies for Sale Earl $395.00 Aaronsburg, PA Australian Shepherd Puppy Bandit $299.00 Christiana, PA Australian Shepherd Puppy Monty $650.00 Strasburg, Pa Australian Shepherd Puppy Eli $695.00 Aaronsburg, PA Australian Shepherd Puppy Esther $395.00 Aaronsburg, PA Australian Shepherd Puppy Lucas January 23, 2023 View more $ 600.00 Australian Shepherd and a border collie mix Toy Aussies. BUT you may NOT post links to your . 4 beautiful Australian Shepherd Puppies. The Aussie requires daily vigorous and extended exercise for half an hour to an hour daily. 6160 Ulmerton Rd, Suite #4, Clearwater, FL 33760, 26% off Health certificate Current vaccinations Health guarantee In the 1950s, Australian Shepherds became popular with the American Cowboy, who included the breed in rodeos and horse shows. Independent and intelligent, they're easy to train but tend to need a lot of exercise and an energetic owner, too. Text or call with any questions. Good Dog helps you find Australian Shepherd puppies for sale near New Jersey. All of our puppies will be attended by a vet. google-site-verification: google11f700b8cba0d30b.html. Starting Generation 6,7,8, 2nd blood line Sire's and Dam's to Be, New Litters registered CKC and ASDR 6/01/2014 Standards and MIni's, Australian Shepherds with tails Born July 1, 2016. Exposing them early to new people, pets, and places will prevent territorialism from becoming problematic. scents 1985. Inc. verbally abusive towards me Come visit our farm and feel the spirit of the west. BEFOR CHOSEING ANYTHING FOR YOUR DOGS WATCH A DOCUMENTARY CALLED PET FOOLED. HUMAN GRADE FOOD BEEF JERKY FOR HUMANS IS GOOD BUT NO CHICKEN OR BEEFJERKYMADE FOR DOGDS ALSO KNOWNTO KILL DOGS BY THE HUNREDS. Aussies with red merle coats have shades of red (liver) as colored patches with a white or tan base. We do the very best we know how to estimate size from parents. Gunner - Mini Australian Shepherd Puppy for Sale in Navarre, OH. Facts: Docking is illegal in all European countries, Australia, and Brazil. Gold Ring Australian Shepherds is a family-run kennel in Louisiana. We make every effort to produce healthy and well-socialized pups that will adapt quickly to your family home and become your new best friend. This last puppy is reduced to get placed - please message me for details. They are not our dogs, but shared with permission. Copyright 2022 Blue Sky Puppies. The answer, in a word, is CUSTOM. LOST& FOUND, ABANDON, DROPPED OFF, CHECK HERE. Solid red and red merle Aussies usually have red lips, noses, and eye rims. We are a small passion driven, ethical and devoted Miniature Australian Shepherd Breeder located near Nashville TN. There are many folks searching high and low for a breeder who offers Aussie pups with full tails. Apparently, an Aussie Tail is a rare feature. They are both tri-colored red. Microchipping is included, only if shipping with a private nanny. They are registered through NAPR. Five females and one Male. Born 12-13-22. sit & stay awhile. Our adorable Aussie puppies can be hand delivered to your local airport. All puppies shipping by another manner can be microchipped upon request for an additional $25 per puppy. You are looking : australian shepherd with tail breeder, The following summaries about what is goat pus will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. Start Now. You can refer to the answers, The following summaries about ugg mini goat color will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. Age: 9 months | Ready to leave: Now. Aussies have a strong instinct to herd and guard. Australian Shepherd Puppies Pure Breed ANKC ( Dogs Australia) Registrar Red Factor "The Only Pink Litter" Born 5/12/2022 Red Merle Female Full Tail and mixed coloured blue eyes -"Pretty in Pink" "Pink" Available now To APPLY for a Puppy you FIRST need email me for a questionnaire and more Details at this email - pixievalley@bigpond.com thankyou Toy Australian Shepherd. Assuming the dogs originated from Australia, California ranchers gave them the name Australian Shepherd. One male and one female are available. Parents: Pearl & Spur - DOB: 01-18-23. It also dives into evidence that tails are in fact necessary appendages and suggests that laws need to be stated that way. READY TO GO MARCH 6 WITH THEIR FIRST SHOTS AND DEWORMER we have 5 boys and 3 girls available black tri boy with a tail and his white on his chest is turning blue! Potty t Mini Australian Shepherd puppies with ASDR registration! Black and blue merle pups generally have black noses, lips, and eye rims. We are open today! When we began planning our Aussie breeding adventure, we thoroughly investigated the predominant practice of tail-docking in baby Aussies. Second liter we have had with these We currently have 5 Texas Heeler puppies available for adoption. We do not guarantee eye color or SIZE of any of our puppies. Vaccinations We have a registered litter of seven Australian Shepherd puppies. The Australian Shepherd's coat varies in color and pattern. Have had first set of shots and deworming. Very playful and sweet, Copyright 2023 Puppies for Sale Near Me, 4 male and 5 female Aussie puppies for sale, Purebred Standard Australian Shepherd puppies for sale, 3 males 1 female Toy Australian Shepherds, 6 boys and 2 girls Aussie puppies for sale, Purebred Standard Australian Shepherd Puppies for Sale, Male and female purebred Australian Shepherd puppies, 5 Mini Australian Shepherd puppies for sale. Black and red Aussies usually have brown, amber, or blue eyes, while the merle-colored dogs can have brown, blue, and blue marbled with brown colored eyes. Jet & Spur's Litter. If you have any questions you can text at show . If feeding them dry food, a cup and a half to two and a half cups of high-quality dry food divided into two meals for adult Aussies is recommended. (South San Francisco) We have 3 beautiful Mini Aussie puppies. AKC registerable. $972. They sometimes have adult Australian Shepherds for sale. They are average shedders, so light brushing and regular bathing are sufficient to care for their coats. We breed one or two litters of Australian Shepherd puppies per year. A well-trained and socialized Aussie is good with cats, other dogs, and children with appropriate supervision. Our puppies are vetted by Fremont Animal Hospital. Tails docked and dew claws removed. ADN-539259 USA Canada United Kingdom Australia Worldwide Europe Albania Andorra Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia While the breed was initially bred to work on ranches and farms, they have adapted to the modern owner's living situation. They are usually shy with strangers and prefer to remain by their owner's side. However, this was not found to be the case, so the American Veterinary Medical Association no longer recommends tail docking as it can actually be harmful to the dog. Without exposure to many different people as puppies, they can be fearful of strangers. Surprisingly, the studies find that puppies under 7 days of age do not in fact feel pain like a mature animal. Tails and dewclaws have been removed from AKC registered dogs. Tailed Aussies, Miniatures & American Shepherds. . $1200 a puppy. 2/23/2023. Gunner 9wks old . A tail left intact certainly does not change the inherent characteristics that we know and love about our aussies. Australian Shepherd Breeder Information Location: Springville, New York 14141 Website: Rising Star Australian Shepherds NY Email: risingstaraussies@gmail.com Many enjoy a very light workload in pleasant surroundings, and in fact must be exercised and encouraged to play and stay active. The fields the Aussies worked in were covered with brush, weeds, vines and other scrub. Interestingly, docking was originally thought to prevent rabies. Sire and dams of our litters are fully health and genetically tested. They are mini Australian shepherds with ASDR papers. Washington state australian shepherd breeder for more than 25 years. Call us today at (270) 485-3164. All Australian Shepherd found here are from AKC-Registered parents. iy_2023; im_03; id_03; ih_23; imh_15; i_epoch:1677914122409, py_2023; pm_02; pd_08; ph_00; pmh_58; p_epoch:1675846737819, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Wed Feb 08 00:58:57 PST 2023; pn_epoch:1675846737819, https://marketplace.akc.org/puppies/australian-shepherd. The father is a blue merle mini. Suite 102 Vaccinations We have a registered litter of seven Australian Shepherd puppies. Born on January 1st and will be rea Our last puppy is a cross between an Australian Shepherd and a border collie. Independent and intelligent, they're easy to train but tend to need a lot of exercise and an energetic owner, too. Below we explain why most Australian Shepherd pups have their tails docked within a few days of birth, why this is an unnecessary procedure that we never do, and we end the page with a picture gallery of our own GLORIOUS AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD TAILS! Our puppies will also come with an 2 year guarantee against congenital birth defects. Eye color can be blue, brown, amber, hazel, or green. DAMS. Boise Aussie Paws is a private Australian Shepherd Breeder. Looking for an Australian Shepherd with an intact (undocked) tail? We are located 80 miles west of Wichita, KS. They are now eating solid food. All puppy pricing, availability, photography, estimated arrival times, locations, current weights, registrations, parent breed descriptions, parent weight informations and any other descriptions (including but not limited to Birth Date, Gender, Color, Breed and Photography) are believed to be accurate, but we do not warrant or guarantee such accuracy. Site Copyright 2005-2022 RanchWorldAds.com - All Rights Reserved. WHAT TO EXPECT. If you do not see what you want just ask me. Both parents are. We are located 80 miles west of Wichita, KS. IT CAN BE FOUND ON FREEVEE FV ON THE INTERNET AT NO COST AT ALL. Tails have been docked and declaws removed. Established breeder of quality AKC/ASCA australian shepherd puppies and working dogs. -. black tri boy with no tail and freckles black tri boy with no tail a There is no valid or logical reason for docking their tails. Aussies would be happiest in a home with a fenced-in yard where they can run and play. Ruby River Mini Aussies is the go-to place for those who are looking to welcome a Mini Australian Shepherd Puppy, as a new member to their family. 4. Monday-Saturday 8 AM to 9 PM CST Closed on Sunday. He's had his rabies vaccination and has been dewormed, and we We have three puppies available for adoption. The breed was specifically developed in the United States to herd sheep and other livestock on the American Frontier. post id: 7594254619. Pickup. These pups will be 10-14 both small mini and toy sized pups expected!! 815-993-4320. fffotofarm@gmail.com. Mom is a Purebred Australian Shepherd - loyal, family, cattle dog - Dad is Black Lab - avid duck hunter. Here are a few specific breeders to start checking out today: Antebellum Aussies They sell puppies, stud, and training services in the State of Alabama. NON-DOCKING BREEDERS ONLY. IT'S ABOUT 1 HOUR LONG. BUT the long term negative effects of docking are significant in the studies. The Australian Shepherd is actually an all-American dog, bred to work on ranches out west. Despite their name, the breed did not originate in Australia. For me, it is happy, healthy dogs. High-quality commercially manufactured or home-prepared meals will provide the Aussie puppies and adult dogs with the necessary nutrients. Hills SICEANCE DIET, NO. As mentioned, without sufficient activity and mental stimulation, they can become destructive and bark for long periods, getting them into trouble. In addition to exercise for this active and athletic breed, Australian Shepherds require a nutritious and well-balanced diet. For the complete, written listing of terms, conditions, free services, free products, warranties, representations, puppy descriptions, puppy registrations, puppy parent information and Blue Sky Puppies guarantees of your particular puppy purchase, refer exclusively to your Companion Pet Purchase Contract and Guarantees paperwork. All deposits are non-refundable; when placing a deposit with us you are also agreeing to our contract. So there is zero reason to dock. They were born on January 30, and have their tails already docked. (obviously that is not true) Now days, tail docking is done to prevent injury to the tail and/or spine. Its thought that docking in herding breeds such as australian shepherds might prevent the dog from having its tail stepped on while working stock. ADN-538725 USA Canada United Kingdom Australia Worldwide Europe Albania Andorra Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland The breed originated in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France. There are numerous studies that have actually dug into brain waves and pain nerve receptors that say otherwise. The Aussie is a descendant of the finest herding breeds from Europe. McNabb, IL 61335. Australian Shepherd (Aussie) Puppies For Sale - AKC PuppyFinder. The aussie look is their beautiful head, strong athletic body structure. CONTACT. Male Australian Shepherd puppy looking for a good home. Coloring of the coats includes black, blue merle, red, and red merle with or without white markings and with or without tan points. Pedigree Australian shepherd pup. Australian Shepherds for Sale in Illinois. It was thought that the bobbed tail would assist in preventing injuries while the dogs worked on ranches and in the fields. They have had their 6-week and 9-week shots. You are not alone! However, most Aussies found with bobbed tails had their tails docked by their owners while they were puppies. The Australian Shepherd has a waterproof, medium-length, double-layer, thick coat which requires weekly brushing to control shedding and matting. Boise Aussie Paws. These Aussie puppies will be 8 weeks old and ready for their new families on December 3rd. Hello, we are looking for a new home for our Australian Shepherd puppies. We are a loving and responsible Breeder of Toy & Miniature Australian Shepherds located in Metro Detroit Michigan. 7 Australian Shepherd puppies for sale Australian Shepherd Charlotte, North Carolina, United States Puppies for sale: Australian Shepherds!!! All pricing listed on this website DOES NOT include applicable sales and use tax, and is subject to change without notice. Their tails are docked and dew claws removed. All offers or free promotions or free inclusions on this website are subject to change at anytime, with or without notice, and may or may not be included at time of sale depending on the timing and unique circumstance of your particular puppy purchase. They do great in competitive dog sports, excelling in obedience, agility, flyball, and herding tests. They have received their first set of vaccinations and have been dewormed. You can reach us by e-mail, phone, or text at: Dona Kessleraussiesatplay@gmail.com620-388-1901, Hours of Operation Monday-Saturday8 AM to 9 PM CSTClosed on Sunday. As a result, Aussie owners began docking the tails of their young puppies. Australian shepherd puppies looking for their forever home! mini male aussies 500.00 call 252 396 0233 if wanting to adopt either one of these. Globalizethis aggregates australian shepherd with tail breeder information to help you offer the best information support options.