Tallquist, in Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine, 2018. Park, M.D. This study was designed to investigate the relevance between smooth muscle … Larger groups or bundles of muscle cells … ECM degradation and matrix metalloproteinases The matrix … The structural and functional alterations of the epithelium, extracellular matrix and airway smooth muscle … … Keywords:Extracellular matrix, vascular smooth muscle … Single unit smooth muscle, however, is most common and lines blood vessels (except large elastic arteries), the urinary tract, and the digestive tract. B. Smooth muscle alpha-actin (αSMA) is the definitive marker for the activated cardiac fibroblast population known as the myofibroblast (Frangogiannis et al., 2000), but this actin isoform is also abundant in vascular smooth muscle … In addition, studies with both human and rat smooth muscle cells have shown that these growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules can modulate smooth muscle cell phenotype in vitro (14,20,92; … Mechanical Strain–Induced Extracellular Matrix Production by Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells | Hypertension Abstract—Elevated blood pressure imposes increased mechanical stress on the vascular wall, and mechanical strain is a mitogenic stimulus for vascular smooth muscle … Extracellular matrix proteins are commonly used in cell culture systems to maintain stem and precursor cells in an undifferentiated state during cell culture and function to induce differentiation of epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro. Most smooth muscle is of the single-unit variety, that is, either the whole muscle contracts or the whole muscle relaxes, but there is multiunit smooth muscle in the trachea, the large elastic arteries, and the iris of the eye. 2005; 204(1):198-209 (ISSN: 0021-9541) Peyton SR; Putnam AJ. 29 Galis ZS, Muszynski M, Sukhova GK, Simon-Morrissey E, Unemori EN, Lark MW, Amento E, Libby P. Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix … Objective: Extracellular matrix dysregulation in the aortic media has been considered as the intrinsic factor for the formation of thoracic aortic dissection. Extracellular matrix rigidity governs smooth muscle cell motility in a biphasic fashion. The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix that provides and modulates a variety of biochemical and mechanical cues that guide cell function. A. Regeneration B. muscle, extracellular matrix and innervation in vulvar lichen. J Cell Physiol. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Improving the understanding of airway smooth muscle and extracellular matrix … Actin cytoskeletal reorganization facilitates smooth muscle contraction by promoting force transmission between the contractile unit and the extracellular matrix … Research into better treatments for asthmatic people normally focuses on the pathology of the cells, and leaves the matrix outside of the equation. Vascular smooth muscle cell durotaxis depends on extracellular matrix composition Christopher D. Hartmana, Brett C. Isenberga, Samantha G. Chuaa, and Joyce Y. Wonga,1 aDepartment of Biomedical … J. Both PDGF and TGF-β increase production of versican and biglycan (17, 29). In the last several years, the development of reagents that recognize smooth muscle-specific proteins has enabled researchers to identify smooth muscle cells (SMC) in tissue undergoing both differentiation and repair. Has many cells and very little extracellular matrix … It has been shown that the extracellular matrix … Which type of tissue repair occurs when the new cells are of the same type that were destroyed? Extracellular matrix … Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle. by vascular smooth muscle cells. This can happen when “pathological changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix that surrounds and supports smooth muscle cells in tissue” interfere with the force … We previously reported the non-pregnant human cervix contains considerably more cervical smooth muscle … After arterial injury, quiescent, contractile VSMCs undergo a change in phenotype; they proliferate and migrate from the media to the intima. Title:Extracellular Matrix on the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 1 Author(s):Zhongjiang Chen, Yi Fu and Wei Kong Affiliation:Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. ... B. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main component of medial layer of arteries, play an important role in neointimal hyperplasia. These developments have led to increased research on SMC. Vitamin D modulates the composition of extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from human aorta | CM & NH Journal Vitamin D modulates the composition of extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells … Small airways (<2 mm in diameter) are probably involved across almost all asthma severities and they show proportionally more structural and functional abnormalities with increasing asthma severity. Title:Extracellular Matrix on the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 1 Author(s):Zhongjiang Chen, Yi Fu and Wei Kong Affiliation:Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. Chronic respiratory disease affects many people worldwide with little known about the intricate mechanisms driving the pathology, making it difficult to develop novel therapies. Yet, the mechanism behind premature cervical softening/dilation in humans remains unclear. However, the mechanisms of extracellular matrix disorders in the dissected aortic media remain unclear. Here we focus on the roles of extracellular matrix components and their receptors in the functions of vascular smooth muscle cells. The latest volume in the Biology of the Extracellular Matrix … Muscle fibers are coated by an extracellular matrix material (ECM), called the basement membrane, and composed of two layers: an internal, basal lamina, directly linked to the plasma membrane of myofibers … A. Invited Review HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Cells and Tissues Mechanical, biochemical, and extracellular matrix effects on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype … Smooth muscle contraction requires both myosin activation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Proliferation and extracellular matrix production by human infragenicular smooth muscle cells in response to interleukin- 1 J3 Elizabeth A. Forsyth, M D , H a m d y M. Aly, M D , P h D , Richard F. Neville, … Calcium must be transported into the smooth muscle cell from the extracellular matrix by Calcium Calmodulin. Replacement C. Inflammation D. Edema. Well-organized and distinct extracellular matrix networks exist within both striated and cardiac muscles. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical cues inherent to the extracellular matrix … Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality, must involve premature cervical softening/dilation for a preterm vaginal delivery to occur. Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) production and remodeling of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been implicated in processes related to the differentiation in atherosclerosis. This suggests that the dynamics of airway function are influenced by the expression of several distinct smooth muscle and extracellular matrix proteins.To our knowledge, this is the first study showing an association between airway hyperresponsiveness and smooth muscle … IL-1 secreted by macrophages increases decorin syn-thesis (30), while inhibiting versican synthesis (31) by smooth muscle cells. A. 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