Horst Adolf "Adolfo" Eyxman (1940, Vyana 2015, Argentina) Diter Helmut Eyxman (1942-ci il Praqa) Rikardo Fransisko Libl (hazrda Eyxman) (1955-ci il Buenos-Ayres) hazrda Almaniyann mhur arxeoloqlarndan biri. "[220] The term "little Eichmanns" became a pejorative term for bureaucrats charged with indirectly and systematically harming others. He was tasked by SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. [211], Within hours Eichmann's body had been cremated, and his ashes scattered in the Mediterranean Sea, outside Israeli territorial waters, by an Israeli Navy patrol boat. He sent for his family in 1952, and they moved to Buenos Aires. Otto Adolf Eichmann, nemki astnik SS in vojni zloinec, * 19. marec 1906, Solingen, Nemko cesarstvo, 31. maj 1962, Ramla, Izrael.. Nemki nacionalsocialistini stranki se je pridruil e leta 1932 in po vzponu stranke na oblast vstopil v sestavo Schutzstaffel (SS), kjer je sasoma napredoval v Obersturmbannfhrerja (ustreznica podpolkovnika). He was found guilty on all of the charges, and was executed by hanging on 1 June 1962. A man, a rabbi, lived in Philadelphia after the war, accused Adolf Eichmann of a personal murder of a seven-month baby. [132], The team captured Eichmann on 11 May 1960 near his home on Garibaldi Street in San Fernando, Buenos Aires, an industrial community 20 kilometres (12mi) north of the center of Buenos Aires. [154] The Israelis were unwilling to take him to trial based solely on the evidence in documents and witness testimony, so he was subject to daily interrogations, the transcripts of which totalled over 3,500 pages. Eichmann's significant role as one of the architects of the "Final Solution" of Europe's Jews, began to emerge in the late forties. Otto Adolf Eichmann, one of the major architects of the Nazi Holocaust, met justice in 1962 after Israeli Mossad commandoes grabbed him in Argentina (where he and many other Nazi fugitives fled. [40] Eichmann and Hagen attempted to return to Palestine a few days later, but were denied entry after the British authorities refused them the required visas. [17] They promised a strong central government, increased Lebensraum (living space) for Germanic peoples, formation of a national community based on race, and racial cleansing via the active suppression of Jews, who would be stripped of their citizenship and civil rights. - Born 19-03-1906, Solingen. Eichmann subsequently stood trial with the Supreme Court of Israel. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. [160] The legal basis of the charges against Eichmann was the 1950 Nazi and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law,[161][h] under which he was indicted on 15 criminal charges, including crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership in a criminal organisation. [5] The execution was attended by a small group of officials, four journalists and the Canadian clergyman William Lovell Hull, who had been Eichmann's spiritual counselor while in prison. [27][28][e] Eichmann's transfer was granted in November 1934. [59], Jews were concentrated into ghettos in major cities with the expectation that at some point they would be transported farther east or even overseas. Both organisations had known for at least two years that Eichmann was hiding in Argentina, but they did not act because it did not serve their interests in the Cold War. Maria ( ne Schefferling) mimet. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. [137] He was held there for nine days, during which time his identity was double-checked and confirmed. By Eli Leon and Israel Hayom Staff Republish this article Spread the word. [77] Under Eichmann's supervision, large-scale deportations began almost immediately to extermination camps at Beec, Sobibor, Treblinka and elsewhere. He even learned a smattering of Hebrew and Yiddish, gaining a reputation as a specialist in Zionist and Jewish matters. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. During World War I Eichmann's father was a soldier, and returned to the family business in Linz at the war's conclusion in 1918. [98], Eichmann, resentful that Kurt Becher and others were becoming involved in Jewish emigration matters, and angered by Himmler's suspension of deportations to the death camps, requested reassignment in July. [74] In preparation for the conference, Eichmann drafted for Heydrich a list of the numbers of Jews in various European countries and prepared statistics on emigration. Daughter of Maty Liebl and Marie Liebl Wife of Otto Adolf Eichmann Mother of Private; Private; Private and Private Sister of Franz Liebl and NN Liebl. [55] The job entailed co-ordinating with police agencies for the physical removal of the Jews, dealing with their confiscated property, and arranging financing and transport. Werbung . [162][i] The trial was presided over by three judges: Moshe Landau, Benjamin Halevy and Yitzhak Raveh. [70][f] "I never saw a written order," Eichmann said at his trial. [157] Inspector Less noted that Eichmann did not seem to realise the enormity of his crimes and showed no remorse. Failed to report flower. In 1914 his family moved to Linz, Austria, where his father had joined the 'Linz Tramway and . Sorry! Videotape was flown daily to the United States for broadcast the following day. Adolf Eichmann's extension of arrest hearing Lindemann spent more than a dozen years with Horst and told the Mail that he was, as far as she knew, still devoted to his father. advertisement. 1935eko martxoaren 21ean, Eichmann Veronika Lieblekin (1909-1997) ezkondu zen eta lau seme eduki zituzten: Klaus Eichmann (Berlin, 1936), Horst Adolf Eichmann (Viena, 1940), Dieter Helmut Eichmann (Praga, 1942) eta Ricardo Francisco Eichmann (Buenos Aires, 1955). [212], Eichmann's youngest son Ricardo Eichmann has said he is not resentful toward Israel for executing his father. [52][51] Many of the deportees were driven by the SS into Soviet-occupied territory and others were eventually placed in a nearby labour camp. . 60 years ago this week, Adolf Eichmann, one of the primary architects of the Holocaust, was captured in Argentina by a secret group of Mossad and Shin Bet agents. Shalom Nagar sprung the gallows under Adolf Eichmann over 40 years ago. Adolf Eichmann was responsible for killing about 6 million Jews and remained unapologetic till his . For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. [179] The defence demanded that the men should be brought to Israel so that the defences right to cross-examination would not be abrogated. [104] Meanwhile, former commandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Hss and others gave damning evidence about Eichmann at the Nuremberg trials of major war criminals starting in 1946. [54] Heydrich announced Eichmann to be his "special expert", in charge of arranging for all deportations into occupied Poland. The Life Summary of Otto Adolf. Birthday: November 1, 1955 ( Scorpio) Born In: Buenos Aires, Argentina 11 4 Archaeologists #8 Intellectuals & Academics #421 Quick Facts German Celebrities Born In November Also Known As: Ricardo Francisco Eichmann Age: 67 Years, 67 Year Old Males Family: father: Adolf Eichmann mother: Veronika Liebl [118] Eichmann's father died in 1960, and Wiesenthal made arrangements for private detectives to surreptitiously photograph members of the family; Eichmann's brother Otto was said to bear a strong family resemblance and there were no current photos of Eichmann. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. [149] The Israeli court ruled that the circumstances of Eichmann's capture had no bearing on the legality of his trial. Horst Eichmann, 24 years old, called a news conference two years and a day after his father, a former Gestapo colonel, was hanged by Israel for his role in the Nazi extermination of six million. Adolf Karl Eichmann. [64] Hitler continued to mention the Plan until February 1942, when the idea was permanently shelved. On his own initiative, Eichmann also laid plans to deport Jews from Vienna. Died of bowel cancer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 2015, Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. There was a problem getting your location. [189] Eichmann admitted to not liking the Jews and viewing them as adversaries, but stated that he never thought their annihilation was justified. [135] The plan was almost abandoned on the designated day when Eichmann was not on the bus that he usually took home,[136] but he got off another bus about half an hour later. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Created by: Joe Leong Added: 18 Aug 2021 In 1914 his family moved to Linz, Austria. Adolf Eichmann's children include Klaus, Horst Adolf, Dieter Helmut, and eventually Ricardo as well. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans was carried out. Eichmann sat inside a bulletproof glass booth to protect him from assassination attempts. In the last week of October 1939, 4,700 Jews were sent to the area by train and were essentially left to fend for themselves in an open meadow with no water and little food. Eichmann was accepted into the SD and assigned to the sub-office on Freemasons, organising seized ritual objects for a proposed museum and creating a card index of German Freemasons and Masonic organisations. children = Klaus Eichmann, Horst Adolf Eichmann, Dieter Helmut Eichmann, Ricardo Francisco Eichmann. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. P grund af hans talent for organisation, plidelighed og arbejdsiver, fik han af . By the time the transports were stopped in July 1944, 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had been killed. This account has been disabled. [81] Specific deportation orders came from his RSHA superior, Gestapo chief Mller, acting on Himmler's behalf. Otto Adolf Eichmann ( pronunciado [to adlf aman]; Solingen, 19 de Maro de 1906 - Ramla, 1 de Junho de 1962) foi um SS - Obersturmbannfhrer ( tenente-coronel) da Alemanha Nazista, e um dos principais organizadores do Holocausto. [157] When additional information was brought forward that forced Eichmann into admitting what he had done, Eichmann would insist he had no authority in the Nazi hierarchy and was only following orders. These are the three countries with which I have been most connected and which I will not forget. [7] His parents were Adolf Karl Eichmann, a bookkeeper, and Maria (ne Schefferling), a housewife. Horst Eichmann. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [109] The family built a house at 14 Garibaldi Street (now 6061 Garibaldi Street) and moved in during 1960. Make sure that the file is a photo. His wife, who disliked Berlin, resided in Prague with the children. [161] Hausner's opening address began, "It is not an individual that is in the dock at this historic trial and not the Nazi regime alone, but anti-Semitism throughout history. In 1956, Lothar Hermann was a pensioner living a quiet life when Sylvia turned up at the family's Buenos Aires home with Eichmann's son Klaus. [1] Eichmannia pidetn holokaustin (" lopullinen ratkaisu ", saks. Trivia. [106] These documents enabled him to obtain an International Committee of the Red Cross humanitarian passport and the remaining entry permits in 1950 that would allow emigration to Argentina. Otto Adolf Eichmann (fdt 19. marts 1906, dd 1. juni 1962) var en tysk-strigsk SS-officer under 2. verdenskrig og anses for at vre en af arkitekterne bag Holocaust.Eichmann var en hjtstende embedsmand i Nazityskland og tjente som Obersturmbannfhrer i SS svarende til oberstljtnant. "[114] Sassen asked him: "When you say Final Solution, do you mean they should be eradicated? [172][173], The prosecution case was presented over the course of 56 days, involving hundreds of documents and 112 witnesses (many of them Holocaust survivors). [174] Hausner ignored police recommendations to call only 30 witnesses; only 14 of the witnesses called had seen Eichmann during the war. "Horst was a very strong Nazi," she recalled, "and believed that his father had done nothing wrong Next, between 1927 and early 1933, Eichmann worked in Upper Austria and Salzburg as district agent for the Vacuum Oil Company AG. Adolf Eichmann pada 1942 Kelahiran Otto Adolf Eichmann (1906-03-19)19 Mac 1906 Solingen, Provinsi Rhine, Prusia, Empayar Jerman Meninggal dunia 1 Jun 1962(1962-06-01)(umur 56) Ramla, Israel Sebab kematian Hukuman gantung Warganegara Jerman Nama lain Ricardo Klement [32][33] Eichmann was promoted to SS-Hauptscharfhrer (head squad leader) in 1936 and was commissioned as an SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant) the following year. Eichmann ly v tn Veronica Liebl (sinh 1909 - mt 1997) ngy 21 thng 3 nm 1935, sinh c 4 ngi con: Klaus Eichmann (sinh 1936 ti Berlin), Horst Adolf Eichmann (sinh 1940 ti Vin), Dieter Helmut Eichmann (sinh 1942 ti Praha), v Ricardo Francisco Eichmann (sinh 1955 ti Buenos Aires). Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. This rabbi, a former member of the Central Jewish Committee, whose identity was kept secret, had to report to Eichmann's room. Learn more about merges. He provided these photographs to Mossad agents on 18 February. Moreover, Eichmann was found guilty of membership in three organisations that had been declared criminal at the Nuremberg trials: the Gestapo, the SD, and the SS. [221], In her 2011 book Eichmann Before Jerusalem, based largely on the Sassen interviews and Eichmann's notes made while in exile, Bettina Stangneth argues instead that Eichmann was an ideologically motivated antisemite and lifelong committed Nazi who intentionally built a persona as a faceless bureaucrat for presentation at the trial. February 8, 1963. He was hoping to bring Mengele back to Israel on the same flight. Pendidikannya tidak selesai sehingga ia meninggalkan sekolah pada 1921. Genealogy for Veronika / Vera Eichmann (Liebl) (1909 - 1997) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. Pada tahun 1913, keluarga Eichmann pindah ke Linz ( Austria-Hongaria ), di mana Adolf Eichmann dididik. [37][38] Eichmann travelled to British Mandatory Palestine with his superior Herbert Hagen in 1937 to assess the possibility of Germany's Jews voluntarily emigrating to that country, disembarking with forged press credentials at Haifa, whence they travelled to Cairo in Egypt. [51] He was immediately assigned to organise the deportation of 70,000 to 80,000 Jews from Ostrava district in Moravia and Katowice district in the recently annexed portion of Poland. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. [152] Special investigator Eli Rosenbaum cites an unreliable 1958 CIA source which said Eichmann was born in Israel, had lived in Argentina until 1952 under the (erroneous) alias "Clemens", and was living in Jerusalem. [184] Eichmann asserted that the decisions had been made not by him, but by Mller, Heydrich, Himmler, and ultimately Hitler. Adolf Eichmann was the main architect of the Final Solution, the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews that led to more than six million deaths. [183] In his testimony throughout the trial, Eichmann insisted he had no choice but to follow orders, as he was bound by an oath of loyalty to Hitler the same superior orders defence used by some defendants in the 19451946 Nuremberg trials. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) advertisement. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. 07-07-2019. Ricardo Eichmann was born near Buenos Aires in 1955. This is a carousel with slides. The people they were sent to rescue refused to leave, so instead the soldiers helped evacuate members of a German field hospital trapped close to the front. [91][92] Between 10 and 25 per cent of the people on each train were chosen as forced labourers; the rest were killed within hours of arrival. [222] Historians such as Christopher Browning, Deborah Lipstadt, Yaacov Lozowick, and David Cesarani reached a similar conclusion: that Eichmann was not the unthinking bureaucratic functionary that Arendt believed him to be.[223]. Eichmann was executed on 31 May 1962. back to top Legally relevant facts Prior to the outbreak of World War II, the Accused was a member of the Austrian SS and later volunteered for a position with the Head Office of the Security Service (SD) in Berlin (para. The Daily Mail exposed Friday the identity of the four sons of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, one of whom is living in Argentina, a few kilometers away from where the Mossad kidnapped his. [62] On 15 August 1940, Eichmann released a memorandum titled Reichssicherheitshauptamt: Madagaskar Projekt (Reich Security Main Office: Madagascar Project), calling for the resettlement to Madagascar of a million Jews per year for four years. Otto Adolf Eichmann (known as Adolf Eichmann; (March 19, 1906 - June 1, 1962) was a high-ranking Nazi and SS Obersturmbannfhrer . Edit your search or learn more Mainz, Germany, Deaths, 1876-1950 Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries View Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Otto Adolf Eichmann lahir pada 19 Maret 1906 di Solingen, Kekaisaran Jerman. [205] Prominent people such as Hugo Bergmann, Pearl S. Buck, Martin Buber, and Ernst Simon spoke against applying the death penalty. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Search above to list available cemeteries. [214], The trial received widespread coverage by the press in West Germany, and many schools added material studying the issues to their curricula. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Horst Eichmann (195745810)? Opening . After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Eichmann and his staff arranged for Jews to be concentrated in ghettos in major cities with the expectation that they would be transported either farther east or overseas. Learn more about managing a memorial . After doing poorly in school, Eichmann briefly worked for his father's mining company in Austria, where the family had moved in 1914. He returned to Berlin, where he arranged for the incriminating records of Department IV-B4 to be burned. Oops, we were unable to send the email. [113] Eichmann confessed that he in fact knew that millions of Jews and others were being killed: "I didn't care about the Jews deported to Auschwitz, whether they lived or died. Verify and try again. Under the Nisko Plan, Eichmann chose Nisko as the location for a new transit camp where Jews would be temporarily housed before being deported elsewhere. The content of his letter and other trial documents were made public on 27 January 2016. [178], Some of the evidence submitted by the prosecution took the form of depositions made by leading Nazis. Eichmann produced tapes, transcripts, and handwritten notes. Thus he decided to turn directly to Israeli authorities. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. [79] Kaltenbrunner succeeded Heydrich as head of the RSHA. [35], Nazi Germany used violence and economic pressure to encourage Jews to leave Germany of their own volition;[36] around 250,000 of the country's 437,000 Jews emigrated between 1933 and 1939. He married Veronika Vera Lieblov on 21 March 1935, in Germany. [18], On the advice of family friend and local SS leader Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Eichmann joined the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party on 1 April 1932, member number 889,895. [91][94] In spite of the orders to stop, Eichmann personally made arrangements for additional trains of victims to be sent to Auschwitz on 17 and 19 July. cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Transports continued, but at a much slower pace than originally envisioned. [168] Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation of the United States obtained exclusive rights to videotape the proceedings for television broadcast. [216] The trial therefore greatly reduced the previously popular misconception that Jews had gone "like sheep to the slaughter". Otto Adolf Eichmann[a] (/akmn/ EYEKH-mn,[1] German: [to adlf aman]; 19 March 1906 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian[2] official of the Nazi Party, an officer of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and one of the major organisers of the Holocaust. Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944, and Eichmann oversaw the deportation of much of the Jewish population. Visitors included Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, and Baron Leopold von Mildenstein. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina to attack Jews Eichmann had four sons; the three eldest, Klaus, Horst and Dieter, remained loyal to him even after his death. [56] From the start of the war until April 1941, around 63,000 Jews were transported into the General Government. [117] Wiesenthal learned from a letter shown to him in 1953 that Eichmann had been seen in Buenos Aires, and he passed that information to the Israeli consulate in Vienna in 1954. Adolf Eichmann was one of the key players in the design of the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan that called for the genocide of all Jews during World War II. Byl poven Reinhardem Heydrichem organizovnm deportac id do ghett a vyhlazovacch tbor. [163] The chief prosecutor was Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner, assisted by Deputy Attorney General Gabriel Bach and Tel Aviv District Attorney Yaakov Bar-Or. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. [53] Meanwhile, as part of Hitler's long-range resettlement plans, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans were being transported into the annexed territories, and ethnic Poles and Jews were being moved further east, particularly into the General Government. Thousands of miles away, in Argentina, the news didn't sit well with three of his four sons. [116] The Sassen tapes form the basis of the documentary series The Devil's Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes screened on Israeli television in 2022. [144] They arrived in Israel on 22 May, and Ben-Gurion announced his capture to the Knesset the following afternoon. [143] There was a tense delay at the airport while the flight plan was approved, then the plane took off for Israel, stopping in Dakar, Senegal to refuel. Eichmann was hanged at a prison in Ramla hours later. [151], The assertion that the CIA knew Eichmann's location and withheld that information from the Israelis has been challenged as "ahistorical". The man who burst the protective bubble around Eichmann, the organiser of the deportation of millions of Jews to Hitler's concentration camps and the most notorious Nazi to gain refuge in. [124] The government of Israel paid a reward to Hermann in 1971, twelve years after he had provided the information. [57] On many of the trains in this period, up to a third of the deportees died in transit. 1936 in Berlin, Horst Adolf Eichmann, 1940 in Vienna, Dieter Helmut Eichmann, 1942 in Prague, and Ricardo Francisco Eichmann, 1955 in Buenos Aires. Try again later. [197] On 15 December 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death by hanging. As chief of the Gestapo's Jewish section, Adolf Eichmann oversaw the Nazis' deportation and murder of millions of Jews during World War II. Ricardo was a professor of archaeology at the German Archaeological Institute until 2020. May 21, 202116 items. [57][58] While Eichmann claimed at his trial to be upset by the appalling conditions on the trains and in the transit camps, his correspondence and documents of the period show that his primary concern was to achieve the deportations economically and with minimal disruption to Germany's ongoing military operations. For years, the details of arch-Nazi Eichmann's hanging by the State of Israel was shrouded in secrecy -- from his being given his last glass of wine, to the noose being placed around his . [54], On 19 December 1939, Eichmann was assigned to head RSHA Referat IV D4 (RSHA Sub-Department IV-D4), tasked with overseeing Jewish affairs and evacuation. For the first time, British website MailOnline shed light on Friday on the fates of the four sons of Nazi archcriminal Adolf Eichmann - one of the principal organizers of the Holocaust.Eichmann, the mastermind of the so-called "Final Solution" to rid Europe of its Jews, sent 6 million Jews to th . [156] Using documents provided primarily by Yad Vashem and Nazi hunter Tuviah Friedman, Less was often able to determine when Eichmann was lying or being evasive. Eichmann and his staff became responsible for Jewish deportations to extermination camps, where the victims were gassed. This browser does not support getting your location. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. His father, Adolf Karl Eichmann, was a bookkeeper and his mother, Maria Schefferling, was a housewife. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. 59). Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? In 1961, the District Court of Jerusalem tried Adolf Eichmann on fifteen separate counts, including crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and membership in a hostile organization. This was the first employment stop for many Nazis arriving in . ", to which Eichmann replied: "Yes. [169] Many major newspapers from all over the globe sent reporters and published front-page coverage of the story. Otto Adolf Eichmann: Doum tarixi: 19 mart 1906: Doum yeri: . The suggestion was dismissed, Hagen giving two reasons in his report: a strong Jewish presence in Palestine might lead to their founding an independent state, which would run contrary to Reich policy; it was also against Reich policy to allow the free transferal of "Jewish capital". [69] However, with the entry of the United States into the war in December and the German failure in the Battle of Moscow, Hitler decided that the Jews of Europe were to be exterminated immediately rather than after the war, which now had no end in sight. [86][88] Eichmann toured northeastern Hungary in the last week of April and visited Auschwitz in May to assess the preparations. During World War I Eichmann's father was a soldier, and returned to the family business in Linz at the war's conclusion in 1918.