Question: Cross Cultural Management Explain "all" of the following topics: -What diversity encompasses in the United States -The historical background for the study of diversity - Key diversity terms, including types of discrimination - Minority groups and non-dominant groups - Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination theories. Employees in these cultures expect a clear set of instructions and clarity in expectations. While individualists may evaluate the performance of their colleagues more accurately, collectivists are more likely to be generous when evaluating their in-group members. 4. Enculturation is the process through which we learn our culture's values and system of meaning. In fact, managing people who have diverse personalities or functional backgrounds may create misunderstandings that are not necessarily due to cultural differences. Anthropologists have described the complex cultural meanings of ritual purity associated with female genital mutilation that serve to perpetuate this practice despite its serious adverse effects on health. Fostering the exchange of knowledge and best practices in regard to cultural pluralism with a view to facilitating, in diversified societies, the inclusion and participation of persons and groups from varied cultural backgrounds. The pursuit of very low body weight may be associated with the development of anorexia nervosa, an illness that can be fatal. When do audience members generally begin to form their impressions of both the speaker and the speech? Cultural diversity encompasses all of the following factors EXCEPT The speaker reduces the chances of alienating the members of the audience. For example, Thailand is a high power distance culture and, starting from childhood, people learn to recognize who is superior, equal, or inferior to them. High power distance within a culture may easily cause misunderstandings with those from low power distance societies. Attributing all misunderstandings or failures to culture may enlarge the cultural gap and shift the blame to others. Which of the following is NOT one of the four "key plays" to delivering your first speech? McElroy, A., and Townsend, P. (1996). Formulating policies and strategies for the preservation and enhancement of the cultural and natural heritage, notably the oral and intangible cultural heritage, and combating illicit traffic in cultural goods and services. What happens when a speaker demonstrates respect for cultural diversity? Collectivistic societies emphasize conformity to the group. Committedto the full implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other universally recognized legal instruments, such as the two International Covenants of 1966 relating respectively to civil and political rights and to economic, social and cultural rights. C. Rosado,What Makes a School Multicultural?, accessed December 2010. Culture is also integrated, meaning that it is a system through which we pattern our lives and it's deeply engrained in society. How does culture influence the proper leadership style and reward system that would be suitable for organizations? For example, Convergys, a Cincinnati-based call-center company, built a cafeteria for the employees in India. What does it mean to be culturally diverse? To say that culture is encompassing means that it also includes everyone in society since it is a shared system of meaning and a learned process. The term culturally diverse is often used interchangeably with the concept of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is defined as: a system of beliefs and behaviors thatrecognizesandrespectsthe presence of all diverse groups in an organization or society,acknowledgesand valuestheir socio-cultural differences, andencouragesand enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context whichempowersall within the organization or society.4, Sociologist Dr. Caleb Rosado, who specializes in diversity and multiculturalism, described seven important actions involved in the definition of multiculturalism:5. How do cultures differ from each other? According to the American Psychological Association, personal identity is an individual's sense of self defined by (a) a set of physical, psychological, and interpersonal characteristics that is not wholly shared with any other person and (b) a range of affiliations (e.g., ethnicity) and social roles. Similarly, in Turkey, students in elementary and high schools greet their teacher by standing up every time the teacher walks into the classroom. The level of masculinity inherent in the culture has implications for the behavior of individuals as well as organizations. Low-context communication is generally seen in ______ cultures. In addition, cultural diversity helps us recognize and respect ways of being that are not necessarily our own, so that as we interact with others we can build bridges to trust, respect, and understanding across cultures. Describe some ways in which national culture affects organizational behavior. Such values have a pervasive influence in many settings, mainly in traditional agricultural societies, but also in some urbanized economies. Family members are more involved in each others lives. Source: Adapted from information in Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions. The goal of ______ is to generate as many ideas as possible without fear of critique. Having different cultures in the workplace is more common in multinational companies. For this reason, heritage in all its forms must be preserved, enhanced and handed on to future generations as a record of human experience and aspirations, so as to foster creativity in all its diversity and to inspire genuine dialogue among cultures. "Cultural Factors The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity. This is important because it can make us feel like our experience in our world has meaning that we can share with one another. a) The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different cultural groups b) A belief that racial differences produce inherent superiority of a particular race c) A generalization of characteristics that is applied to all members of a cultural group d) Biological concept that defines groups of human beings based on a set of The short answer is, everything! Dr. Belfield continues to have valuable experiences, lifelong mentors, and friendships that have made her personal and professional life quite meaningful and fulfilling. In contrast, collectivistic cultures are cultures where people have stronger bonds to their groups and group membership forms a persons self identity. Article 6 Towards access for all to cultural diversity. When audience members believe your topic directly affects them, Your ability to attain professional success is related to your ability to communicate effectively. Do countries have uniform national cultures? Successful global companies modify their management styles, marketing, and communication campaigns to fit with the culture in which they are operating. Emily Cummins received a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and French Literature and an M.A. Encouraging linguistic diversity while respecting the mother tongue at all levels of education, wherever possible, and fostering the learning of several languages from the earliest age. Language barriers or communication issues can stem from cultural differences and can really harm your business. For the British market, the advertisers localized the humor (Fowler, Steinberg, & Patrick, 2007). This might be in reference to someone's education or specific taste in art, but culture is more than this. A. Habitat fragmentation is the process of habitat loss in which larger habitats get divided into many small and fragmented habitats. Cross-national, cross-cultural organizational behavior research: Advances, gaps, and recommendations. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The disabled B. LGBTQ C. The elderly D. Those living in two different regions of the world D. Those living in two different regions of the world Josh and Arielle, along with other members of their group, feel like outsiders to the dominant culture. For example, peers are much less likely to be involved in hiring decisions in high power distance cultures. and Ph.D. in Sociology. Ergeneli, A., Gohar, R., & Temirbekova, Z. Reflect on a time when you experienced a different culture or interacted with someone from a different culture. What are the types of preparations you would benefit from doing. Log in for more information. Tell me about yourself, they are more likely to talk about their likes and dislikes, personal goals, or accomplishments. Try to understand all its dimensions and seek the commitment of those involved to nurture cultural diversity. Diversity is a set of conscious practices that involve understanding and appreciating interdependence of humanity, cultures, and the natural environment; practicing mutual respect for qualities and experiences that are different from our own; understanding that diversity includes not only ways of being but also ways of knowing; recognizing that personal, cultural, and institutionalized . In the United States, the workforce is becoming increasingly multicultural, with close to 16% of all employees being born outside the country. What is the Difference between Bipolar 1 & 2? Promoting linguistic diversity in cyberspace and encouraging universal access through the global network to all information in the public domain. 17 chapters | The speaker reduces the chances of alienating the members of the audience. Species diversity is a measure of community complexity. the language of your speech should not change based on your audience. Student Login >. When the situation was investigated, it became clear that the new manager of the subsidiary had gotten rid of a monthly fiesta for company employees and their families under the assumption that it was a waste of time and money. Thinking about hundreds of different ways in which cultures may differ is not very practical when you are trying to understand how culture affects work behaviors. Hire better with the best hiring how-to articles in the industry. Learning about other cultures helps us understand different perspectives within the world in which we live, and helps dispel negative stereotypes and personal biases about different groups. Check out a sample Q&A here Seventh-day Adventists, who are strict vegetarians and are very health conscious have low death rates from coronary heart disease when compared to neighbors of similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Instead, these cultures seem to prefer paternalistic leadersleaders who are authoritarian but make decisions while showing a high level of concern toward employees as if they were family members (Javidan & Dastmalchian, 2003; Ryan et al., 1999). 6. It is by no means a comprehensive list and, in every context, the meaning of these words may change and evolve. 16. For example, you may sometimes hear the term gender balance used by companies trying to achieve a 50-50 balance between employees who identify as male and employees who identify as female. In collectivistic cultures, people define themselves as part of a group. Which of the following would NOT be a possible topic for a ceremonial speech? . The tool provides specific advice about interpersonal interactions with these cultures (Hamm, 2008). Some girls and women strive to achieve a very low body weight, a modern, culturally shaped notion of beauty that has supplanted the former "ideal"the plump female form depicted in the paintings of Rubens and Renoir. Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural evolution. In fact, rules may be viewed as constraining. Essentially, cultural diversity is about bringing people together from a diverse set of backgrounds and cultures, then creating an environment that not only recognizes the differences between those cultures and backgrounds, but celebrates them. Powerful people are supposed to act powerful, while those in inferior positions are expected to show respect. When we put critical listening and thinking to work, we distinguish all of the following EXCEPT. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Which of the following is NOT true regarding audience diversity? The Japanese saying the nail that sticks up gets hammered down illustrates that being different from the group is undesirable. Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness: Is Asia different from the rest of the world? For example, in one study, more than 75% of the subjects in Philippines viewed team-based pay as fair, while less than 50% of the U.S.-based subjects viewed team-based rewards as fair (Kirkman, Gibson, & Shapiro, 2001). For example, Apple Inc.s famous PC versus Mac advertising campaign was reshot in Japan and the United Kingdom using local actors. As a result of these trends, understanding the role of national culture for organizational behavior may provide you with a competitive advantage in your career. ______ is the recognition and valuing of difference. Some undergo painful cosmetic surgery in the quest for an idealized physical form, with reshaped ears, eyes, and nose; facelifts; liposuction; and breast implants. Developing cultural intelligence seems important, because the days when organizations could prepare their employees for international work simply by sending them to long seminars on a particular culture are gone. Female genital mutilation was banned in the United States in 1995, and is also outlawed in Britain, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, and some African countries. We can learn from one another, but first we must have a level of understanding about each other in order to facilitate collaboration and cooperation. D. Openness to experience Maybe you have noticed that in many parts of the United States people routinely greet strangers with a smile when they step into an elevator or see them on the street, but the same behavior of saying hello and smiling at strangers would be considered odd in many parts of Europe. Respecting and protecting traditional knowledge, in particular that of indigenous peoples; recognizing the contribution of traditional knowledge, particularly with regard to environmental protection and the managementof natural resources, and fostering synergies between modern science and local knowledge. Journal of Management, 33, 426478. Notingthat culture is at the heart of contemporary debates about identity, social cohesion, and the development of a knowledge-based economy. Think about what you want to do in the future. All persons have therefore the right to express themselves and to create and disseminate their work in the language of their choice, and particularly in their mother tongue; all persons are entitled to quality education and training that fully respect their cultural identity; and all persons have the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Cultural responsiveness, cultural competence, and cultural humility are all dynamic, complex, and lifelong processes. When collectivists are asked the same question, they are more likely to define themselves in relation to others, such as I am Chinese or I am the daughter of a doctor and a homemaker. An individual who serves as speechmaker on a special occasion might serve any of the following functions EXCEPT, frequently reinforce the value of education. Fostering the mobility of creators, artists, researchers, scientists and intellectuals and the development of international research programmes and partnerships, while striving to preserve and enhance the creative capacity of developing countries and countries in transition. Larger numbers of species and more even abundances of species lead to higher species diversity. How would you describe your own home countrys values on the four dimensions of culture? Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Kinship is one example. In these cultures, family members feel accountable for each others behavior such that one persons misbehavior may be a cause of shame for the rest of the family (Hui & Triandis, 1986). PrivacyPolicy One of her favorite quotes is, Change is inevitable; growth is optional. She encourages everyone to choose the option to grow. Crossing cultures. So, for example, we recognize familiar symbols, like a popular fast food restaurant and the meanings behind it simply by looking at the symbol. When they create rules, they also selectively enforce rules and make a number of exceptions to them. People naturally use their own culture as the standard to judge other cultures; however, passing judgment could reach a level where people begin to discriminate against others whose ways of being are different than their ownessentially, we tend to fear that which we do not understand. That sounds simple, but diversity encompasses race, gender, ethnic group, age, per-sonality, cognitive style, tenure, organizational function, edu-cation, background, and . (February 22, 2023). Women in the nineteenth century constricted their waists and compressed their breasts with rigid corsets. Ability Andrea identifies as a member of the second largest ethnic group in the United States. Be proactive in listening, accepting, and welcoming people and ideas that are different from your own. Diversity is a set of conscious practices that involve: Understanding and appreciating interdependence of humanity, cultures, and the natural environment. Pornpitakpan, C. (2000). Many cultural characteristics, and the health states related to them, are associated with education, occupation, income, and social status. UNESCO applies a zero tolerance policy against all forms of harassment, Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities ICCAR, Education for Sustainable Development Network, UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning, ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa, IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education, IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Rules of Procedure of the General Conference, Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board, Section of Conventions and Recommendations (LA/CR), Section of International Administrative Law (LA/AL), Protection of human rights : Procedure 104. Presently, international business is not necessarily conducted between pairs of countries. Helman, C. (1990). 3. Want to create or adapt books like this? It's also what we call encompassing. SiteMap, Business Fundamentals + Google IT Support, Professional Focus + Google Data Analytics, Professional Focus + Google Project Management, Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Cybersecurity Fundamentals + Google IT Support, Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, December 18, 2012|Dr. Lisa D. Belfield. Hofstedes culture framework is a useful tool to understand the systematic differences across cultures. Adapted fromPromoting Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency, accessed December 2010. They also often represent ways in which deep cultural messages are transmitted through the medium of the human body. People in all cultures share these broad categories of behaviors, beliefs, and meaning, even though they have different ways of behaving, expressing meaning, and living out their beliefs.
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