KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). Some bands, like those of Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Woody Herman, that performed in the 1920s, 1930s, or 1940s continued to perform successfully into the 1970s and 1980s. (1899-1974): The . Swing did not always swing but rather involved jazz performers doing a jazz interpretation of pretty ballads. These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. But you also need to inject your style and personality into the music you make. 1930s, jazz expanded into a "Big Band" phenomenon with Duke Ellington (optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). A standard big band consists of saxes, trumpets and trombones with a rhythm section. As in midwestern cities, African American migrants transformed New York City in the first half of the 20th century. characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, Since 1960, several newer types interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. Whiteman started his first band in San Francisco in 1918 and his fame spread into the 1920s. HWYo8~G ("b+[:r$%_r8oFdnIt]5pu\Kr|z~+au/I8vTm3}` e and ingenuity. In Kansas City, Bennie Motens and Count Basies bands had begun developing a looser type of big band arrangement that allowed for freer styles of soloing, giving rise to a unique Kansas City swing style in the 1930s. Performers played, sang, danced, and presented shows and stand-up comedy in these large entertainment venues. orchestral jazz crossover movement that had an enormous impact on getting white They used their voices as instruments to demonstrate their command of scat singing. Click Hendersons arrangements used tighter harmonic control, less emphasis on improvisation, and a controlled use of polyphony. [44], Although big bands are identified with the swing era, they continued to exist after those decades, though the music they played was often different from swing. Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. of jazz out of tune) notes, (4) and even a section with Armstrong's famous "scat Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. The size could be anywhere from about 12 to 30 players. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. rapidly with both black and white audiences. 1U^
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Most swing was performed by Big Bands, which were literally big bands, divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section consisting mostly of drums, bass, guitar, and piano. [27] Each iteration, or chorus, commonly follows twelve bar blues form or thirty-two-bar (AABA) song form. Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which a) Henderson's big band comprises five brass instruments (three trumpets and two trombones), four reed instruments (saxophones and clarinets), and a rhythm section consisting of piano, bass, here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of [9] During the 1940s, somewhat smaller configurations of the big band emerged in the form of the "rhythm sextet". clarinetist Benny GOODMAN and grooves), - "Swing" feeling: The rhythmic phenomenon of "swing" feeling is To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. 1554 0 obj
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2. In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring So lets quickly take a look at all three genres: Lets dive into these characteristics of Swing Music a little deeper:
She arranged music for dozens of leading swing bands including those of Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, and Benny Goodman. (London: Paladin) 1987. progression and the same number of measures/beats, but it may be applied to Phil Spitalny, a native of Ukraine, led a 22-piece female orchestra known as Phil Spitalny and His Hour of Charm Orchestra, named for his radio show, The Hour of Charm, during the 1930s and 1940s. Beacon, 2006. The Lindy Hop became popular again and young people took an interest in big band styles again. The Dorsey Brothers started with a large-band version of Dixieland featuring singer Bob Crosby who later developed his own band. creating a style known as "Dixieland" Jazz or Trumpets provide a brash buzzing sound thats well suited for a melody. "Hot" Jazz, as improvised over standard blues patterns. Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. Billie Holiday is considered to be the most influential of the jazz singers of the century after Louis Armstrong, who influenced her style. Many college and university music departments offer jazz programs and feature big band courses in improvisation, composition, arranging, and studio recording, featuring performances by 18 to 20 piece big bands.[46]. It is usually played by big band ensembles that use a rhythm section with drums, bass, sometimes a guitar, and almost always a piano, a brass section of trumpets and trombones, and a reed section of saxophones and clarinets. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. style based on a faster, danceable beat with featured improvised solos. - There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. This pattern reinforced the second and fourth beat of every measure and later became known as a back beat. Additionally, the drummer accommodated the improvisations of soloists, providing a non-intrusive, laid-back swing pattern. Then, during the Swing Era, the sax player Coleman Hawkins changed the way jazz approached improvisation from melody to harmony (horizontal to vertical). Daniels, Douglas. She led her Swingphony while playing marimba. www.bigfishaudio.com.
(called a "chorus"). . (Click on the titles of the pieces From They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. Coast" Cool Jazz emerged, using It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor.
When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. of many things they must think about while they are playing. freedom vs. chaos. - a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. Boyd Raeburn drew from symphony orchestras by adding flute, French horn, strings, and timpani to his band. BASIE popularized "pure" jazz through a "Big Band" grooves, click A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. Some bands were "society bands" which relied on strong ensembles but little on soloists or vocalists, such as the bands of Guy Lombardo and Paul Whiteman. instruments (Saxophone, trumpet, clarinet, trombone, flute, vibraphone, etc.). (who are noted for their blending of Afro-Cuban jazz elements within a Asthe name of that sound suggests, Count Basie played in Kansas City. For the sentence below, write prepositional phrase and underline the preposition. Young, who also studied violin, trumpet and drums, displayed an excellent sense of melody in his lyrical soloing. The swing era was the one time that jazz was a truly popular style. He toured in many parts of the world and was also commissioned to record classical compositions. - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy Other renowned vocalists are blues singers Jimmy Rushing with You Can Depend on Me and Joe Williamss Roll Em Pete, featured with the Count Basie Orchestra, whose repertoire included ballads, jazz and pop standards. Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. Benny Goodman (19091986) was a superior clarinetist who began appearing on stage by the age of twelve. endstream
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Count Basies music contains lively rhythms, economic piano style, and a relaxed swing sound. Figure 3: WMU's "Gold Swing bands featured a large ensemble of By the end of the war, swing was giving way to less danceable music, such as bebop. the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa Since keyboards are essentially advanced incarnations of pianos, they can be used to quietly accompany the rhythm section of a swing band or to play a quiet harmony. * From the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band leaders in America. So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. After 1935, big bands rose to prominence playing swing music and held a major role in defining swing as a distinctive style. The Kansas City was busy with musical activity from the early 1920s to about 1938. Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. DoZjyk]Z^0])*6`pje?NG.s#n1[Mgv,3/W5k'(?_pq,JZ7jaF:m(YTm7RhoQ>luNRjY%- I)
The composer writes original music that will be performed by individuals or groups of various sizes, while the arranger adapts the work of composers in a creative way for a performance or recording. Miller went in debt to start his band but was a millionaire within two years. The trumpeter blows on the mouthpiece at one end of the trumpet with closed lips, and the sound wave reverberates through the tube until it exits out the widened far end of the instrument. During the 1930s, Earl Hines and his band broadcast from the Grand Terrace in Chicago every night across America. Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. Since the 1920s, Jazz (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. Company B, was popularized through records and film by The Andrews Sisters during World War II era. He received his BA in Political Science from the University of Chicago and an M.A. Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. : The rhythmic phenomenon of "swing" feeling is [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". Compared to Dixieland bands, swing bands used two or three times as many players and produced a fuller sound. Thats intentional; the individual style of each swing band is what makes the music unique, much as the seasoning used in a particular Gumbo can make it one of a kind. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_band&oldid=1142698476, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 22:19. Her vocal command expanded to an unusual range of four octaves, and she is best known for her melodic approach to scatting. violin--Ray Nance), (3) trumpet--Rex Stewart, (4) tenor saxBen Webster, YouTube clip with basic piano chords, click here to see a YouTube Louis Blues, but by the late 1930s, with the migration of Cubans and Puerto Ricans to New York City, Afro-Cuban music emerged along with new dances, such as the rhumba. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. harmony, structure and instrumentation. rock . In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. It served to distract people from the daily grind of reality. The lyrics kept within these traditions. Other methods of embellishing the form include modulations and cadential extensions. In general, swing refers to the music of large dance bands that played written arrangements. Coleman Hawkins (19041969) was the first great saxophonist of jazz. [33] During the 1930s, Count Basie's band often used head arrangements, as Basie said, "we just sort of start it off and the others fall in. Jazz elements into his famous musical, projected in the way the drums and bass express the beat, how the piano He toured and recorded many solos with, most notably, the Count Basie band. %%EOF
The most basic element of a song is also one of the most important a good rhythm. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. ensemble intimate style of Dixieland jazz into a harder-edged full band sound. Tucker, Sherrie. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. jw7(W3;TEd5SOBmlyb./hh IOQ,+B}I\fT-q\ dJ(0!GF>B)- |0~J;:AC*: Y3[.(&=>:UU5aH@ZLLEc))3c.mcX=ia&1cy]aE~9CB7L_ "walking bass" accompaniment, - Harmony Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation). You Guitar, Organ, Banjo), - One or more solo 3 4 5 6 7 8, - In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". The saxophone features a curved reed mouthpiece and a long brass tube that gradually expands before doubling back and bellowing outwards. Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. of the most creative composers in the history of jazz, particularly renowned