He talks of the orgy house Pot smoking and the. But he thinks he does. Polanski worked with the play's author, David Ives, on the screenplay. On 11 March 1998, Polanski was elected a member of the Acadmie des Beaux-Arts. [190][191], In December 2009, a California appellate court discussed the film's allegations as it denied Polanski's request to have the case dismissed. This talented director has earned fame and fortune from his career. The four dined at El Coyote restaurant on Beverly Boulevard and then headed back to the house on Cielo Drive. This 1979 released film was based on Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles. The cast includes Ewan McGregor as the writer and Pierce Brosnan as former British Prime Minister Adam Lang. [133][134][135][136], In 1959, Polanski married actress Barbara Kwiatkowska-Lass. The snaps showed Hagen with lots of women . Best Director. Polanski said he was skipping the ceremony in order to protect his team as well as his wife and children, who "have been made to suffer injuries and affronts." His films have won him numerous awards, including an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Palme d'Or. [9] Polanski's father was Jewish and originally from Poland; Polanski's mother, born in Russia, had been raised Catholic but was half Jewish. [58] In the film, Kinski starred opposite Peter Firth and Leigh Lawson.[59]. While saying it was "deeply concerned" by the allegations, and that the allegations were "in many cases supported by considerable evidence", it also found that "Even in light of our fundamental concern about the misconduct flight was not Polanski's only option. [52][53][54], Polanski returned to Paris for his next film, The Tenant (1976), which was based on a 1964 novel by Roland Topor, a French writer of Polish-Jewish origin. Suddenly a pistol appeared in the officer's hand. [204] In 1999, Lewis had given a very different account of events in an interview with the UK's News of the World, which was unearthed by the French daily Libration. In real life, the offender was arrested while fleeing after fracturing Polanski's skull, and executed for three murders, out of eight prior such assaults which he had committed. [30], Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water, was also one of the first significant Polish films after the Second World War that did not have a war theme. It is necessary so that the film can be sold around the world. Roman Polanski: Net Worth, Salary. It includes interviews with people involved in the case, including the victim, Geimer, and the prosecutor, Roger Gunson. The film was a decade-long journey, stalled in large part by Polanski fleeing the U.S. in 1978 after he pleaded. Roman Polanski? [5] Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water (1962), was made in Poland and was nominated for the United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. [184] In a December 2016 decision, the Supreme Court of Poland dismissed the government's appeal, holding that the prosecutor general had failed to prove misconduct or flagrant legal error on the part of the lower court. He is not only a director/producer. Roman Polanski's height is UPDATE SOON and his weight is 62 kg (137 lbs). The film, a horror-thriller set in trendy Manhattan, is about Rosemary Woodhouse (Mia Farrow),[41] a young housewife who is impregnated by the devil. Smooth, calm, confident, it builds suspense instead of depending on shock and action. August 1969 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) war eine US-amerikanische Filmschauspielerin und Fotomodell.Tate galt zu ihrer Zeit als eine der schnsten Frauen der Welt und als Stilikone der 1960er (Swinging Sixties).Zusammen mit vier weiteren Personen wurde sie am 9. Who is Roman Polanski ? The. Sharon married director and actor Roman Polanski in 1968. Geimer said that the judge "didn't care what happened" to her or Polanski, but "was orchestrating some little show",[161] while Gunson added, "I'm not surprised that Polanski left under those circumstances, it was going to be a real circus. Police clashed with protestors, even firing tear gas upon them. He decided every lens. [4] Two years later, the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany started World War II, and the family found themselves trapped in the Krakw Ghetto. Photos: Polanski, A Life in Pictures. . While in France, Polanski contributed one segment ("La rivire de diamants") to the French-produced omnibus film, Les plus belles escroqueries du monde (English title: The Beautiful Swindlers) in 1964. "[105], It had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on 30 August 2019. [108][109][110][111] It was released in France on 13 November 2019, by Gaumont. But he didn't want me that way. His mother and sister were killed in a concentration camp during World War II. At first, I didn't know what was happening. Il pianista (The Pianist) un film del 2002 diretto da Roman Polaski, tratto dal romanzo autobiografico omonimo di Wadysaw Szpilman. [36] Shortly after they married, Polanski, with Tate at his side during a documentary film, described the demands of young movie viewers who he said always wanted to see something "new" and "different".[37]. [10][11][12] His mother had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Polanski's Based on a True Story is an adaptation of the French novel by bestselling author Delphine de Vignan. Roman Polanski (born August 18, 1933) is famous for being director. [175] On 12 July 2010, the Swiss rejected the United States' request, declared Polanski a "free man" and released him from custody. [50], It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, including those for actors Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway. Dar Robinson ; Robinson in The Ultimate Stuntman : Born : Dar Allen RobinsonMarch 26, 1947 Los Angeles, California, United States : Died : November 21, 1986 (aged 39 . The film is about a rebellion the two led on a ship called the Neptune, in the seventeenth century. In the years that followed the murder of his wife, Sharon Tate, controversy followed director Roman Polanski. Tess was shot in the north of France instead of Hardy's England and became the most expensive film made in France up to that time. Polanski recalls the villages and families he lived with as relatively primitive by European standards: They were really simple Catholic peasants. In August, while Polanski was in Europe working on a film, Tate remained home, eight-and-a-half months pregnant. More. ", "French support softens for Polanski, Hollywood divided", "Politicians face backlash over Polanski", "Polanski in Poland: National Hero or Disgraced Icon? They blamed the victims for their own murders. [44] Hugh Hefner and Playboy Productions funded the 1971 film, which opened in New York and was screened in Playboy Theater. Photo: Roman Polanski poses with his Palme d'Or on May 26, 2002. Krakw was soon occupied by the German forces, and the racist and anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws made the Polaskis targets of persecution, forcing them into the Krakw Ghetto, along with thousands of the city's Jews. As a result of a plea bargain, he pleaded guilty to the lesser offence of unlawful sex with a minor. Raymond Roman Thierry Polaski[a] (n Liebling;[2] 18 August 1933) is a French-Polish[3][1] film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. (Read Martin Scorsese's Britannica essay on film preservation.) Neither Polanski nor the cast and crew of An Officer and a Spy (J'accuse) attended the awards ceremony hosted at the Salle Pleyel in Paris. [5] Around the age of six, Polanski attended primary school for only a few weeks, until "all the Jewish children were abruptly expelled", writes biographer Christopher Sandford. [183] Poland's national justice ministry took up the appeal, arguing that sexual abuse of minors should be prosecuted regardless of the suspect's accomplishments or the length of time since the suspected crime took place. In 1992 Polanski followed with the dark psycho-sexual film Bitter Moon. [65][66] The play was again directed by Polanski, in Milan, in 1999. The Age of Rajmund Roman Thierry Polanski is 89 years old. 1969. I didn't always. Although set in Paris, the film was first scheduled to shoot in Warsaw in 2014, for economic reasons. Actor Harrison Ford accepted the award for Polanski and then presented the Oscar to him at the Deauville Film Festival five months later in a public ceremony. Polanski in 1969 Roman Polanski (born 1933) is a French-Polish filmmaker. ", "Polanski to face trial in France for alleged defamation", "Roman Polanski under investigation by Swiss police over new rape allegations", "Roman Polanski Accused of Raping French Actress in 1975", The Girl: A Life in the Shadow of Roman Polanski, AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Director, Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director, National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Director, National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Polanski&oldid=1141213241, European Film Award for Best Director winners, European Film Award for Best Screenwriter winners, Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award, People convicted of statutory rape offenses, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, TCMDb name template using numeric ID from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A Best Director Oscar winner for "The Pianist" (2002), Roman Polanski also made the seminal films "Rosemary's Baby" (1969) and "Chinatown" (1974), but his career . [] The way the night will unfold, we already know in advance," he continued. Norman Reedus net worth is estimated to be around $26 million. The film also earned its director his first Academy Award nomination (Best Foreign Language Film) in 1963. Lee even tutored It-girl Sharon Tate for her movie The Wrecking Crew. He likes to have a small crew, to the point that, when I walked on the set, my thought was, 'My God, this is it? They ended their 1 year marriage in 1969. . The Ghost Writer, a thriller focusing on a ghostwriter working on the memoirs of a character based loosely on former British prime minister Tony Blair, swept the European Film Awards in 2010, winning six awards, including best movie, director, actor and screenplay. Net Worth: $50 Million ; Date of Birth: Aug 18, 1933 (88 years old) Gender: Male : Height: 5 ft 4 in (1.651 m) He's the widower of actress Sharon Tate, who was brutally murdered by the. [95] It premiered out of competition at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2017[96] and opened in France on 1 November 2017. It was the end of the "flower-powered" 1960s. He offered her the starring role, which she accepted. He educated me. [102] However, production was postponed after Polanski moved to Poland for filming and the U.S. Government filed extradition papers. [167] The victim, now married and going by the name Samantha Geimer, stated in a 2003 interview with Larry King that the police and media had been slow at the time of the assault to believe her account, which she attributed to the social climate of the era. Polanski has said that his absence on the night of the murders is the greatest regret of his life. Libel Suit Against Israeli Man", "Director Roman Polanski ordered to testify in suit against Israeli blogger", "Herzliya Court: Roman Polanski Must Appear In Person At Trial", "Judge orders Roman Polanski to pay court costs to Israeli journalist after withdrawing libel suit", "Exclusif - Roman Polanski: "On essaie de faire de moi un monstre", "Roman Polaski do Michnika i Kurskiego: Czego ode mnie chcecie? Leon Niemczyk, who played Andrzej, was the only professional actor in the film. He currently resides in Paris, France. However, he learned afterward that the judge, Laurence J. Rittenband, had told some friends that he was going to disregard the plea bargain and sentence Polanski to 50 years in prison:[156][158] "I'll see this man never gets out of jail," he told Polanski's friend, screenwriter Howard E. As writer [ edit] Short films [ edit] Student Professional Advertisement Performances [ edit] See also [ edit] Though set in New York, it was shot in Paris. He was the foremost international director of his generation,. Koch. National School of Film Television and Theater in d, Bugliosi, Vincent, with Gentry, Kurt, (1974). [106][107] It received a standing ovation and won the Grand Jury Prize. Repulsion (1965) is a psychological horror film focusing on a young Belgian woman named Carol (Catherine Deneuve). [140] He wrote in his autobiography: "Sharon's death is the only watershed in my life that really matters", and commented that her murder changed his personality from a "boundless, untroubled sea of expectations and optimism" to one of "ingrained pessimism eternal dissatisfaction with life". This talented actor-director has won fame and fortune from his career. Roman Polanski was born in France and grew up in Poland. The film was shot on locations in Germany. "[29], Polanski attended the National Film School in d, the third-largest city in Poland. [15], The Polaski family moved back to Krakw, Poland, in early 1937,[4] and were living there when World WarII began with the invasion of Poland. In May 2002, the film won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) award at the Cannes Film Festival,[76] as well as Csars for Best Film and Best Director, and later the 2002 Academy Award for Best Director. [203], In 2010, British actress Charlotte Lewis said that Polanski had "forced himself" on her while she was auditioning for a role in Paris in 1983, when she was 16 and he was 50. Also find Personal Life, estimated Net Worth, Salary, Age, Career & Full Biography of Roman Polanski. Many executives in Hollywood came to his defense. [30] In the 1950s, Polanski took up acting, appearing in Andrzej Wajda's Pokolenie (A Generation, 1954) and in the same year in Silik Sternfeld's Zaczarowany rower (Enchanted Bicycle or Magical Bicycle). She starred in his short film When Angels Fall. [170] American public opinion was reported to run against him,[171][172] and polls in France and Poland showed that strong majorities favored his extradition to the United States.[173][174]. [73], The Ninth Gate is a thriller based on the novel El Club Dumas by Arturo Perez-Reverte and starring Johnny Depp. She testified that Tex, Krenwinkel, and Atkins tragically shot and stabbed 5 victims, including Polanski's pregnant wife, Sharon Tate. [46] It was controversial because of Lady Macbeth's being nude in a scene,[44] and received an X rating because of its graphic violence and nudity. Every prop. He remembers from age six, one of his first experiences of the terrors to follow: I had just been visiting my grandmother when I received a foretaste of things to come. [204], In November 2019, French actress Valentine Monnier said Polanski violently raped her at a ski chalet in Gstaad in 1975.[208]. This Roman Polanski film is considered to be no less than a masterpiece. Tate and her friends Jay Sebring . At the same time some celebrities came to his defense, like actress Fanny Ardant, who said, "When I love someone, I love them passionately. Doing so undermines the secret vote of the 4,313 professionals who alone decide the nominations and the more than 1.5 million viewers who came to see the film. It promises to look more like a symposium than a celebration of cinema." as well as the Golden Bear and a Palme d'Or. Polanski was an outstanding director. I simply saw people scattering in all directions. It was not even his best option." The Manson "Family" killers were following orders from their cult leader, Charles Manson. In February 1969 Polanski and Tate began renting a Los Angeles home. He was 73 when he starred in this movie. "I wanted him probably more than he wanted me." [202], In November 2022, Roman Polanksi filed a cybersquatting dispute with World Intellectual Property Organization against the domain name imetpolanski.com. Robert Towne won for Best Original Screenplay. Roman Polanski net worth is an estimated of $49 million in 2020. Polanski recalled Stefania Buchala as being an "extremely noble" and courageous person. In addition, the richly textured color schemes of the settings evoke the paintings of the Belarusian-Jewish artist Marc Chagall, who provides the namesake for the innkeeper in the film. [158] Polanski was defended by many prominent individuals, including Hollywood celebrities and European artists and politicians, who called for his release. [39] Polanski read it non-stop through the night and the following morning decided he wanted to write as well as direct it. Szpilman's experiences as a persecuted Jew in Poland during World War II were reminiscent of those of Polanski and his family. Polanski's French-language adaptation of the award-winning play Venus in Fur, stars his wife Emmanuelle Seigner and Mathieu Amalric. Polanski's fascination with cinema began very early when he was around age four or five. The film is a rambling shaggy dog story about the sexual indignities that befall a winsome young American hippie woman hitchhiking through Europe. I ran straight into the nearest building, squeezed into a smelly recess beneath some wooden stairs, and didn't come out for hours. Polanski was suing for libel and defamation of character. I regret never having shot with him!". Revi). [182] The Krakw prosecutor's office declined to challenge the court's ruling, agreeing that Polanski had served his punishment and did not need to face a U.S. court again. 1969, in Benedict Canyon, Los Angeles, California, USA, at the age of 26. [31] Several other short films made during his study at d gained him considerable recognition, particularly Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958) and When Angels Fall (1959). . [148] An Interpol red notice was issued for his arrest, and he rarely leaves France. It started production in November 2016 from a script adapted by Polanski and Olivier Assayas. [127] The film stars Mickey Rourke, Fanny Ardant, and Oliver Masucci,[128] and is a black comedy about the guests at a Swiss luxury hotel on New Year's Eve 1999. Then you will appreciate capitalism. Everything. Net Worth: $50 Million Date of Birth: Aug 18, 1933 (88 years old) Gender: Male Height: 5 ft 4 in (1.651 m). In 2001, Polanski filmed The Pianist, an adaptation of the World War II autobiography of the same name by Polish-Jewish musician Wadysaw Szpilman. According to court documents, on August 8-9, 1969, four members of the hippie cult known as the "Manson Family" broke into the former home of film director, Roman Polanski, and his wife, Sharon Tate. #jaccuse de #romanpolanski photo @guyferrandis", "Polanski wants to make next movie in Poland", "Polanski tournera " Dreyfus " en France", "Polaski delays filming of spy thriller", Roman Polanski tournera un documentaire sur son enfance et s'exprime sur le projet Dreyfus, "Joker, Ad Astra, The Laundromat, Marriage Story to Compete in Venice", "Venezia 2019, Roman Polanski: "Io come Dreyfus". I also woke up one morning to find that I had wet my bed. Polanski was born . I judge him on his talent and not on his private life! "[125], In October 2020, Polanski went back to Poland and paid respects to a Polish couple who helped him hide and escape the Nazis. More than anything else though, I was fascinated by the actual mechanics of the process. It took almost an hour for law enforcement to arrive at the crime scene. I developed a strange habit: clenching my fists so hard that my palms became permanently calloused. The Manson Family cult broke into the home late in the evening of 8 August and proceeded to murder Tate and four others. The film's themes, situations, visual motifs, and effects clearly reflect the influence of early surrealist cinema as well as horror movies of the 1950sparticularly Luis Buuel's Un chien Andalou, Jean Cocteau's The Blood of a Poet, Henri-Georges Clouzot's Diabolique and Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho. When Sharon Tate told her boyfriend, Jay Sebring, that she was leaving him for Roman Polanski in 1967, . [55], In 1978, Polanski became a fugitive from American justice and could no longer work in countries where he might face arrest or extradition. 711 ) Get Help in Another Language and Nondiscrimination Policy view Eddie Foo Another Language and Nondiscrimination Policy, use. Personal life. Polanski was born in Paris. Written by Polanski and previous collaborator Grard Brach, What? "The Girl," Samantha Geimer's memoir about being raped by Roman Polanski in 1977 at age 13, features a picture the director took of her days before his assault. Because the role required having a local dialect, Polanski sent her to London for five months of study and to spend time in the Dorset countryside to get a flavor of the region. His mother, who was four months pregnant at the time, was taken to Auschwitz and killed in the gas chamber soon after arriving. To unlock the financial means to produce such a project is impossible if you shoot in French. [64], In 1981, Polanski directed and co-starred (as Mozart) in a stage production of Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus, first in Warsaw, then in Paris. Some women were being herded along it by German soldiers. 1969, Gender: Male: Profession: Actor, director, model: Nationality: American . In August, while Polanski was in Europe working on a film, Tate remained home, eight-and-a-half months pregnant. Who lived next to Sharon Tate? On August 9, 1969 Sharon Tate was brutally murdered by a group known as the Manson Family while she was eight and a half months. [144] The same year, his wife Emmanuelle Seigner rejected the invitation to join the Academy, denouncing the "hypocrisy" of a group that expelled Polanski. [13] Polanski's parents were both agnostics. "[167], On 26 September 2009, Polanski was arrested while in Switzerland at the request of United States authorities. (text); Duncan, Paul (visual design). Of those deaths, 3 million were Polish Jews, which accounted for 90% of the country's Jewish population. He has an effervescent quality to him. 4. A few years later, Polanski's legal troubles were the subject of a documentary, "Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired" (2008). Although Roman Polanski is recognized as one of the most well-known directors. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two British Academy Film Awards, nine Csar Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, [123] Likewise, Polanski's alleged victim Samantha Geimer criticized the protesters as "very opportunistic", and said that "If you want to change the world today, you do it by demanding people be held accountable today, not by picking someone who is famous and thinking that if you demonise him for things that happened decades ago that somehow that has any value in protecting people and changing society". [161] Polanski decided not to appear at his sentencing. Then even went on to win Oscars for Best Cinematography, Best Art Director, and Best Costume Design. "[116] This is Polanski's fifth Best Director Cesar win, the record for a single director; he previously won for Tess, The Pianist, The Ghost Writer, and Venus in Fur. His parents returned to Poland from France in 1936, three years before World War II began. [179][180] In late October 2014, Polanski was questioned by prosecutors in Krakw. Descubre todas las pelculas de la filmografa de Roman Polanski. [84], In the United States, film critic Roger Ebert included it in his top 10 picks for 2010 and states that "this movie is the work of a man who knows how to direct a thriller. I loved the luminous rectangle of the screen, the sight of the beam slicing through the darkness from the projection booth, the miraculous synchronization of sound and vision, even the dusty smell of the tip-up seats. Making reference to the recent media scandal that led to the Cesar board's mass resignation, Polanski added: "The press and social media have presented our 12 nominations as if they were gifts offered to us by the academy's board of directors, as some authoritarian gesture that had forced their resignations. The film follows an ordinary tourist in Paris whose wife is kidnapped. [47] In his autobiography, Polanski wrote that he wanted to be true to the violent nature of the work and that he had been aware that his first project following Tate's murder would be subject to scrutiny and probable criticism regardless of the subject matter; if he had made a comedy he would have been perceived as callous.[48]. Tess was nominated for six Academy Awards that year. As a result of a plea bargain, he pleaded guilty to the lesser offence of unlawful sex with a minor. However, the three-person panel ruled that Polanski didn't show the domain was registered and used in bad faith, nor did he show that the registrant, Matan Uziel, lacked rights or legitimate interests in the domain name. What is the Birth day of Roman Polanski? It stars Kate Winslet, Jodie Foster, Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly. The movie's plot is based on the idea that an ancient text called "The Nine Gates of the Kingdom of Shadows", authored by Aristide Torchia along with Lucifer, is the key to raising Satan.[74]. "[16]:24, Polanski escaped the Krakw Ghetto in 1943 and survived with the help of some Polish Roman Catholics, including a woman who had promised Polanski's father that she would shelter the boy. Frantic (1988) was a Hitchcockian suspense-thriller starring Harrison Ford[70] and the actress/model Emmanuelle Seigner,[71] who later became Polanski's wife. Height: 5 feet and 4 inches: Profession: Model, Actress: Sibling: Debra Tate and Patricia Tate: . They initially ran across each other after she finished filming her debut feature and began rehearsing for The Fearless Vampire Killers. As a result, Polanski is a fugitive from the U.S. criminal justice system. The court accepted Uziel's request that the suit not be dropped, but rather that it be rejected, making Polanski unable to sue Uziel again over the same issue in the future. During a television interview on 10 March 2011, Geimer blamed the media, reporters, the court, and the judge for having caused "way more damage to me and my family than anything Roman Polanski has ever done", and opined that the judge was using her and Polanski for the media exposure. "[24] He also remembered events at the war's end and his reintroduction to mainstream society when he was 12, forming friendships with other children, such as Roma Ligocka, Ryszard Horowitz and his family.[25]. Aired 2/7/69 [187], Polanski has blamed Harvey Weinstein for the renewed focus on his sexual abuse case in the 2000s and claimed that Weinstein tried to brand him a "child rapist" to stop him from winning an Oscar in 2003. In 1977, after being arrested for drugging and raping a young girl, Polanski pled guilty to the charge of unlawful sex with a minor. She married Roman Polanski. [21] By the time the war ended in 1945, a fifth of the Polish population had been killed,[22] the vast majority being civilians. At the time, there were rumors that Polanski and Kinski became romantically involved, which he confirmed in a 1994 interview with Diane Sawyer,[61] but she says the rumors are untrue; they were never lovers or had an affair. Because Polanski would have been arrested in the United States, he did not attend the Academy Awards ceremony in Hollywood. The film received three Oscars: best cinematography, best art direction, best costume design, and was nominated for best picture. [199], In late December 2019, in Polanski's interviews with Paris Match[200] and Gazeta Wyborcza,[201] the latter accused Matan Uziel of carefully orchestrating the attacks on his character and for playing a major role in designing an international campaign to besmirch his name and reputation in order to make his career fall from grace. He introduced me to beautiful books, plays, movies. [142][152] At his arraignment, he pleaded not guilty to all charges. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two British Academy Film Awards, nine Csar Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, as well as the Golden Bear and a Palme d'Or.. His Polish-Jewish parents moved the family from his birthplace in . [198] In November 2018, it was published that Polanski decided to drop the lawsuit, and was ordered by the court to pay Uziel 30,000 (US$8,000) for court costs. Overseas working on a new project, Polanski had asked a small group of people .