Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Based on the results of skin samples, or biopsies, in both the NEJM and JAMA Dermatology reports the researchers' best guess is that the skin reactions are likely caused by delayed T-cell-mediated hypersensitivityan intense immune response that begins a minimum of 12 hours after contact with a pathogen or allergen, meaning an infectious or irritating substance. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on Twitter. Opens in a new tab or window. It is recommended to administer the second dose 28 days after the first dose. 2023 Jan 6;23(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07973-4. "I think this is particularly interesting because it shows that the body is mounting an immune response to the vaccine, just as it does after infection with the virus," said Freeman. Breast Cancer and the COVID-19 Vaccine: Is It Safe? From April, another bivalent COVID-19 vaccine will be available after the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) approved Moderna's second Omicron-specific vaccine. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This will allow quick identification of new safety information. J Prim Care Community Health. By contrast, 244 (0.8%) developed a delayed skin reactiondefined as a skin reaction that appears eight or more days laterafter getting their first dose, and 68 (0.2%) developed a delayed skin reaction after getting their second dose. See the end of section 4 for how to report side effects. The swelling typically goes down in about two to 11 days. Wait until any effects of the vaccine have worn off before you drive or use machines. No serious reactions were reported. it damages the myelin sheath), Muscle contractions involuntary (uncontrolled muscle contraction), Muscle strain (an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibres tear), Musculoskeletal chest pain (pain in chest muscle or nerve or bones), Musculoskeletal discomfort (discomfort in the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves), Musculoskeletal pain (pain affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves), Musculoskeletal stiffness (stiffness of the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves), Myocarditis (inflammation of heart muscle myocardium), Nasal congestion (blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels), Nasopharyngitis (inflammation of the nasopharynx), Nausea (feeling of having an urge to vomit), Nervous system disorder (a general class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system), Neurological symptom (symptoms of nervous system disease), Neuropathy peripheral (surface nerve damage), Neutrophil count increased (excess than normal number of neutrophil a type of blood cell), Numbness and tingling (unusual prickling sensations), Ocular discomfort (a generic expression when there is lack of ease in/about the eyes), Ocular hyperaemia (an abnormally large amount of blood in eye), Oral discomfort (pain or irritation in mouth), Oropharyngeal discomfort (pain or irritation of oropharynx), Osteoarthritis (a joint disease caused by cartilage loss in a joint), Paleness (unusual lightness of skin colour), Paraesthesia (sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect), Paraesthesia oral (sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning of a person's oral with no apparent long-term physical effect), Parosmia (distortion of the sense of smell, as in smelling odours that are not present), Periarthritis (inflammation of the external coats of an artery and of the tissues around the artery), Pericardial effusion (fluid around the heart), Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium), Pharyngeal hypoaesthesia (pharyngeal -abnormally decreased sensitivity), Photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light), Photopsia (presence of perceived flashes of light), Pneumonia bacterial (pneumonia associated with bacterial infection), Pollakiuria (abnormally frequent passage of relatively small quantities or urine), Polymyalgia rheumatica (pain in many muscles), Postmenopausal haemorrhage (post-menopausal bleeding), Psoriasis (immune-mediated disease that affects the skin), Pulmonary congestion (congestion in the lungs), Pulmonary embolism (blockage of the main artery of the lung), Pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation in the lungs), Pulmonary thrombosis (scarring in the lungs), Purpura (purplish discoloration of the skin), Rash maculo-papular (red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps), Rash vesicular (rash with a small bubble), Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased, Renal impairment (severely reduced kidney function), Respiratory acidosis (respiratory failure or ventilatory failure, causes the ph of blood and other bodily fluids to decrease), Respiratory disorder (respiratory disease), Respiratory distress (difficulty in breathing), Respiratory rate increased (excess breathing rate/min), Respiratory syncytial virus test negative, Respiratory tract congestion (blockage on respiratory system), Restless leg syndrome (a powerful urge to move your legs), Retching (strong involuntary effort to vomit), Rhabdomyolysis (a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down), Rheumatoid arthritis (a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints), Rotator cuff syndrome (a spectrum of conditions affecting the rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder), Salivary hypersecretion (excess saliva secretion), Scab (a hard coating on the skin formed during the wound healing), Sciatica (a set of symptoms including pain caused by general compression or irritation of one of five spinal nerve roots of each sciatic nerve), Scleroma (a hardened patch of tissue in the skin or mucous membranes), Seizure like phenomena (a variety of medical conditions may produce sudden episodes which have some similarities to epileptic seizures), Seizures (abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain), Sepsis (a severe blood infection that can lead to organ failure and death), Septic shock (shock due to blood infection), Shock (a life-threatening condition with symptoms like low blood pressure, weakness, shallow breathing, cold, clammy skin), Sinus headache (headache caused by sinus infections), Sinus tachycardia (a heart rhythm with elevated rate of impulses originating from the sinoatrial node), Skin blushing/flushing (a sudden reddening of the face, neck), Skin discoloration - bluish (bluish colour of skin), Skin exfoliation (removal of the oldest dead skin cells), Skin induration (an abnormally hard spot or area on the skin), Speech impairment (adult) (inability to speak (adult)), Stomatitis (inflammation of mucous membrane of mouth), Stroke (sudden death of a portion of the brain cells due to a lack of oxygen), Supraventricular extrasystoles (premature electrical impulse in the heart, generated above the level of the ventricle), Systemic lupus erythematosus (an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly, attacks healthy tissue), Tenderness (pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched), Tendonitis (a condition that causes pain and swelling of tendons), The flu (the flu is caused by an influenza virus), Thrombocytopenia (decrease of platelets in blood), Thrombosis (formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel), Transient ischaemic attack (a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow)), Tremor (trembling or shaking movements in one or more parts of your body), Trigeminal neuralgia (a painful condition of the nerve responsible for most facial sensation), Tunnel vision (the loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision), Type iv hypersensitivity reaction (delayed type hypersensitivity as the reaction takes two to three days to develop), Urinary incontinence (inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination), Urinary retention (the inability to completely or partially empty the bladder), Urticaria (rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely), Urticaria chronic (long lasting rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely), Vaccination site erythema (redness around vaccination site), Vaccination site lymphadenopathy (abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes- vaccination site), Vaccination site pruritus (severe itching of the skin at vaccination site), Vasculitis (inflammation of a blood vessel or blood vessels), Ventricular extrasystoles (premature cardiac contraction), Ventricular tachycardia (rapid heartbeat that originates in one of the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart), Vitreous floaters (spots before the eyes), Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound made while you breath), Simvastatin and Anaemia Of Chronic Disease, Cytarabine and Therapeutic Agent Toxicity, Lansoprazole and Injection Site Urticaria, Staphylococcus Test Positive: 1 person, 50.00%, Staphylococcal Infection (an infection with staphylococcus bacteria): 1 person, 50.00%, Periorbital Cellulitis (inflammation and infection of the eyelid and the skin surrounding the eye): 1 person, 50.00%, Muscle Aches (muscle pain): 1 person, 50.00%, Culture Wound Positive: 1 person, 50.00%, Cellulitis (infection under the skin): 1 person, 50.00%. Eight days after getting injected with Moderna's Covid-19 vaccine, Hoang noticed her arm felt itchy. As of Sept 23, 2021, more than 83 million vaccine doses were administered in Italy, with approximately a fifth of recipients receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Delayed large local reactions occurred after 15% of first doses and after 18% of second doses. Why vaccines go into your upper arm and not up your nose The first COVID-19 jabs . 2022 Nov;77(11):3426-3434. doi: 10.1111/all.15414. We study millions of patients and 5,000 more each day. Typical side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills and diarrhoea. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. Hosseinzadeh A, Ebrahimi K, Shahriarirad R, Dalfardi F. Clin Case Rep. 2022 Dec 15;10(12):e6317. COVID arm; COVID-19 vaccine; T-cell mediated; delayed hypersensitivity reactions; mRNA vaccines; post-vaccination reactions; skin and soft tissue infection; treatment of COVID arm; vaccine allergy; vaccine safety. an abnormal one at injection site), Injection site paraesthesia (abnormal skin sensations at injection site), Injection site pruritus (severe itching at injection site), Injection site urticaria (rash of round, red welts on the skin at injection site), Injection site vesicles (fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac at injection site), Ischaemic stroke (stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain), Joint range of motion decreased (disease of joint movement), Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells), Local reaction (reaction of any substance at the site of use), Lung consolidation (a condition whereby the lung tissues solidify because of the accumulation of solid and liquid material in the air spaces), Lung infiltration (a substance that normally includes fluid, inflammatory exudates or cells that fill a region of lung), Lymphadenitis (inflammation or enlargement of a lymph node), Lymph follicular hypertrophy (an increase in the size of the lymph node follicles), Lymphoedema (localized fluid retention and tissue swelling), Malaise (a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness), Maternal exposure before pregnancy (use of substance before pregnancy), Maternal exposure during pregnancy (use of substance during pregnancy), Mechanical urticaria (urticaria is triggered by mechanical shearing forces e.g. Before The preferred site is the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. The delayed skin reactions described in the reports often resembled the raised, red welts that are caused by an insect sting. We declare no competing interests. MODERNA BIOTECH SPAIN, S.L. Spikevax uses a substance called messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to carry instructions that cells in the body can use to make the spike protein that is also on the virus. Frequency of the most common manifestations of local injection-site reactions, by dose, were swelling (18% and 15%), erythema (18% and 20%), and pain (24% and 18%). Incidence of cutaneous reactions after messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines. Please enter a term before submitting your search. should be vaccinated as appropriate. You can also apply ice for swelling and pain at the site of the shot. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Respiratory symptoms, including nasal discharge, nasal congestion, change in voice quality, stridor, cough, wheeze, and dyspnea. March 2021. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2035389, Johnston MS, Galan A, Watsky KL, Little AJ. There were 2 SAEs among 2 participants in the placebo group (affective disorder and COVID-19). Scan the code in the PDF of this document with a mobile device to get the package leaflet in different languages. Local injection-site reactions occurred in 54% of patients after the first Moderna dose and 70% after the second dose. The COVID-19 vaccine has shown to have high efficacy if given correctly intramuscularly. But patients will have to use the . COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines. J Cosmet Dermatol. It appears as a red, warm, pruritic, indurated, or swollen area in the vicinity of the vaccine site. Erythromelalgia occurred after 5.9% of second doses, and cosmetic filler reactions occurred after 4.9% of second doses. 2021;384:403-416. Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking sars-cov-2 (covid-19) mrna-1273 vaccine: More common Chills difficulty in moving fever headache joint pain muscle aches, cramps, pains, or stiffness nausea swollen joints unusual tiredness or weakness vomiting Incidence not known Anxiety An official website of the United States government. Spikevax is a vaccine used to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Audio will be available later today. Shutterstock. The centre will offer NHS patients access to Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines that can protect against multiple variants. Our original studies have been referenced on 600+ medical publications including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. They vary in appearance and size and can sometimes cover most of the upper arm. [A red and swollen arm after vaccination for covid-19]. The material on this site is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment provided by a qualified health care provider. A wide range of skin reactions has occurred following coronavirus vaccination -- including some that mimic COVID-19 symptoms -- but none proved to be serious, according to initial data from an international registry. As with any vaccine, the primary 2-dose vaccination course of Spikevax may not fully protect all those who receive it and it is not known how long you will be protected. Moderna has 24 mRNA vaccines and therapeutics under investigation, and 14 have begun clinical studies, according to the. Spikevax will be given to you as two 0.5 mL injections. 2021 Feb;25(3):1663-1669. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202102_24877. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends that all individuals 5 years old who have completed a primary COVID-19 vaccine series (including those who already received booster doses with monovalent vaccines) receive a single booster dose with one of the bivalent vaccines at least two months after the last vaccine dose; bivalent booster recommendations for children . Another report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Dermatology on May 12, 2021 described 15 cases of skin reactionssometimes called "COVID arm"that occurred within two to 12 days after a first dose of the Moderna vaccine. Moderna said the agreement also required royalty payments representing low single-digit percentages of future Covid-19 vaccine sales. A few cases of capillary leak syndrome flare-ups (causing fluid leakage from small blood vessels (capillaries) resulting in rapid swelling of the arms and legs, sudden weight gain and feeling faint, low blood pressure) have been reported following vaccination with Spikevax. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on Instagram. Among people who had a skin reaction after the first dose and completed a survey after their second dose (609 people), 83% reported no skin reaction after their second shot. 2022 Jun 29;9(3):212-243. doi: 10.3390/dermatopathology9030027. upper arm. Caroline Tien is a journalist with degrees in English and biology. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The source was a giant welt surrounding Hoang's injection site. As Spikevax does not contain the virus, it cannot give you COVID-19. Reactions to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine usually happen within 4 hours of injection. American Medical Association. Measles-like morbilliform rash occurred after the first dose of Moderna vaccine in 4.1% of patients and after the second dose in 6.9%. Among those who received the Moderna vaccine, delayed large local skin reactions were most common, occurring in 175 of 267 (66%) patients after the first dose and 31 of 102 (30%) after the second dose. JAMA Dermatol. Authors Sathishkumar Ramalingam 1 , Harkesh Arora 2 , Susan Lewis 2 , Kulothungan Gunasekaran 3 , Maheswari Muruganandam 4 , Sivakumar Nagaraju 2 , Priyesh Padmanabhan 5 Affiliations Common Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine side effects may include: fever, chills; redness or a hardness and swelling where the shot was given; swelling or tenderness under your arm; nausea, vomiting; feeling tired; or. Moderna said people without insurance will be able to get its COVID vaccine at no cost after the U.S. government bows out. Some reports may have incomplete information. We report 3 cases of COVID arm, 2 of which were mistaken for cellulitis. Cellulitis staphylococcal (a type of bacteria originated skin soft tissue infection) is found to be associated with 555 drugs and 257 conditions by eHealthMe. The reactions were first observed during a phase 3 clinical trial of the Moderna vaccine. Opens in a new tab or window, Share on Twitter. 20052022 MedPage Today, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. Spikevax is a vaccine for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people from the age of 6 months. This particular reaction is characterized by pain and swelling in the upper arm located at the injection site appearing 7 to 8 days following injection. The recipient's health condition or recommendations for vaccination may change from one visit to the next. 2023 eHealthMe.com. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: supplementary appendix. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myositis - a case report. COVID arm as a common cutaneous manifestation after mRNA-1273 vaccination: a systematic review. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00309-X, Cutaneous vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination, https://www.governo.it/it/cscovid19/report-vaccini, View Large doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6314. Most side effects go away within a few days of appearing. They also stress that concerns about a skin reaction should not keep people from getting vaccinated. There were 7 SAEs among 6 participants in the vaccine group (appendicitis, cellulitis, cellulitis orbital, type 1 diabetes mellitus, appendicitis, pyelonephritis and urosepsis). A few patients developed pernio/chilblains, better known as "COVID toes." Spikevax contains elasomeran, a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) with instructions for producing a protein from the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. FOIA doi: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.21038. San Sebastin de los Reyes Four vaccines are approved by the European Medicines Agency: two messenger RNA-based vaccines encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2, PfizerBioNTech; mRNA-1273, Moderna) and two adenoviral vector-basedvaccines encoding the spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AstraZeneca; Ad.26.COV2.S, Janssen). doses of 0.25 mL can be delivered. Online ahead of print. NR conducted histology evaluations. COVID-19 vaccine-induced cellulitis and myositis COVID-19 vaccine-induced cellulitis and myositis Cleve Clin J Med. Since the launch of their covid-19 vaccines, Moderna and Pfizer have accumulated more than $100bn (83; 94) in global revenues from salesmore than 20 times the World Health Organization's biennial budget in 2020-21.1 2 3 Yet for a vaccine that is estimated to cost $1-3 per dose to manufacture, both Moderna and Pfizer have announced plans to charge more than $110 a dose in the US this . Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! How well it works: Moderna's initial Phase 3 clinical data in December 2020 was similar to Pfizer-BioNTech'sat that point, both vaccines showed about 95% efficacy for prevention of COVID-19. DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. These conditions can develop within just a few days after vaccination and have primarily occurred within 14 days. Share on Facebook. This article will explore what skin reactions to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine look like, how common they are, and what to do if you get one. Local injection-site reactions occurred after 24% and 25% of first and second doses, respectively. He joined MedPage Today in 2007. Blumenthal K, Freeman E, Saff R, et al. Please include "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine EUA" or "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, Bivalent EUA", as appropriate, in the first line of box #18 of the report form. 392,577 people reported to have side effects after getting Moderna COVID Vaccine. Moderna COVID-19 vaccine generates long-lasting immune memory At a Glance People who received low doses of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine had strong immune memories of the virus six months after being fully vaccinated. Trials. not provide full immunity to COVID-19 in people who are immunocompromised, and you should Symptoms may include: hives swelling wheezing or trouble breathing Some people get a rash at the injection. In most cases, the rash arose more than 24 hours after dosing (4.8% after the first dose, 4.9% after the second). While immediate reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines are common, these reports raised awareness that delayed skin reactions can also show up days to weeks after a Moderna shot. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Spikevax may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how Spikevax works. A survey of more than 40,000 healthcare employees at Mass General Brigham who received either the Moderna or Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines, found that 1.9% reported itching, rash, hives, or swelling after the first dose. It can also develop around the eyes, mouth, and anus, or on the belly. Can People With MS Get the COVID-19 Vaccine? Dissecting cellulitis . COVID-19 - Recent advancements in identifying novel vaccine candidates and current status of upcoming SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Accessed April 28, 2021. Government activity Departments. It will also have the potential to develop vaccines targeting a range of. 6th ed. The vaccine was also effective in people aged 65 years and in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Spain, Rovi Pharma Industrial Services, S.A. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals. To relieve symptoms, experts recommend taking an antihistamine and using a topical steroids for any itchiness, swelling, and redness. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine contains recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, stabilisers, and immune adjuvant. 2022 Sep 27;9(10):ofac499. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Painful, pruritic, indurated, erythematous plaque, Painful, pruritic, indurated, erythematous plaque with minute papules inferior to ecchymoses at the, Sixty-year-old woman (patient 1) 24 h after initiation of topical steroid treatment; the, Pruritic, painful, erythematous, indurated plaque, Pruritic, painful, erythematous, indurated plaque at vaccine site in a 44-year-old woman (patient, Erythematous, pruritic, painful, indurated plaque, Erythematous, pruritic, painful, indurated plaque in a 33-year-old woman (patient 3) 7 days, MeSH and transmitted securely. for at least 15 minutes to monitor for signs of an allergic reaction. By Steven ReinbergHealthDay Reporter. T cells are a part of the immune system that directly attacks threats and help protect you from infections. Typically, these patients were seen in urgent care centers over the weekend for a red, warm rash at the site of the vaccination. Moderna went from a virtually-unknown biotech firm to a household name when it unveiled its first COVID-19 vaccine to the world. Among those who had a skin reaction after the first dose, 11 people also had a similar reaction after their second dose. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The .gov means its official. feeling faint or light-headed changes in your heartbeat shortness of breath wheezing swelling of your lips, face, tongue or throat hives or rash nausea or vomiting stomach pain Talk to your doctor. Calle del Prncipe de Vergara 132 Plt 12 Madrid, Spain, Recipharm Monts Doctors from. Hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler delayed inflammatory reaction following COVID-19 vaccination - A case report. Epub 2022 Aug 1. In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded. Researchers suspect that delayed skin reactions to the Moderna vaccine are caused by an intense reaction by T-cells, a part of the immune system that attacks threats, that occurs at least 12 hours after receiving a dose. Caroline Tien is a journalist with degrees in English and biology. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists injection . A booster dose (0.25 mL, 50 micrograms) of Spikevax may be given at least 3 months after a primary Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. The authors noted that it's possible that redness gets overlooked or may not be as obvious on dark skin. Rebecca Saff, MD, PhD, another lead author of the NEJM report and allergy fellowship director of the allergy and clinical immunology unit in the division of rheumatology, allergy, and immunology at Massachusetts General Hospital, tells Verywell that in the trial, "adverse events, including local adverse symptoms, were solicited for the seven days after the vaccine was given and unsolicited for 28 days after the vaccine, meaning that many of the more mild reactions may have been missed if they were after day seven.". Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Axiotis A, Gianniki M, Tsifetaki N. QJM. The cells then make antibodies against the spike protein to help fight off the virus. It is recommended to get the second dose 28 days after the first dose to complete the vaccination course. Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the real world. Dermatopathology (Basel). The Covid-19 vaccine is one example of how mRNA can be used. GC led the study and wrote the report. "There may be genetic factors at playwe know that genetics can be a risk for certain T-cell reactions to drugsbut otherwise, we dont fully understand why someone has a response while another does [not] for most drugs and vaccines.". Like all medicines, this vaccine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine should be transported in the frozen state. The company has forecast Covid vaccine sales of $5 billion for . doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6317. A third dose may be given at least 1 month after the second dose to individuals 12 years of age and older (0.5 mL, 100 micrograms) and children 6 through 11 years (0.25 mL, 50 micrograms) who are severely immunocompromised.